Global electronics brands are making measurable progress to reduce workers’ exposure to hazardous chemicals across their supply chains—protecting over 100,000 workers worldwide. 

Through the Toward Zero Exposure (TZE) program, launched by the Clean Electronics Production Network at Green America, major companies including Apple, Dell, HP, and Fairphone have committed to reducing exposure to some of the most hazardous chemicals used in electronics manufacturing. 

What changed 

• Over 800 manufacturing facilities across 29 countries have already eliminated or substituted the first round of priority hazardous chemicals with safer alternatives 

• More than 200 supplier companies have improved chemical safety practices 

• These changes are improving protections to well over 100,000 workers in electronics production 

• Fairphone became the first company to fully eliminate a second round of priority chemicals at relevant facilities 

Why this matters 

Workers in electronics manufacturing are routinely exposed to toxic chemicals linked to serious health risks. Historically, companies relied on protective equipment or ventilation systems—but these approaches don’t eliminate the hazard itself. 

TZE shifts the industry toward the most effective solution: removing hazardous chemicals entirely or replacing them with safer alternatives. This prevents exposure at every stage of the production process, rather than attempting to manage it after the fact. 

Scaling industry-wide change 

The program is now aligned with the Responsible Business Alliance’s Chemical Management Leadership Program, helping standardize best practices across the sector. Participating companies are also increasing transparency by sharing their Manufacturing Restricted Substances Lists (MRSLs), creating a more coordinated industry response. 

The bigger picture 

This is how systemic change happens: when major brands commit, entire supply chains follow. What began with a handful of companies is now influencing hundreds of suppliers and facilities globally—and setting a new baseline for worker safety in the electronics industry. 

Green America’s Center for Sustainability Solutions helped bring together companies, labor advocates, and environmental experts to drive this progress—proving that collaboration can move whole industries toward safer, more responsible practices. 

The victory gardens of the World War I and II era were practical: grow food to sustain the health and well-being of the homefront while so much of the workforce was serving overseas and industry was focused on the war effort.

Now, a new generation of gardeners are embracing the victory garden concept and growing fruits and vegetables for very 21st century reasons.

WASHINGTON, DC – APRIL 10, 2026 – In a new letter to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Soil & Climate Alliance’s Regen Policy Initiative offered recommendations to the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) on how to allocate the $700 million in funding for its Regenerative Pilot Program, which launched in December 2025.

The letter outlines a series of targeted recommendations that would help the program more effectively improve soil health. These recommendations address core aspects of the program–planning, outcomes and testing, practices, and education:

• NRCS staffing capacity and skills to undertake whole farm planning
• Analyzing outcomes and testing, including consistent methodologies and data sharing
• Identifying impactful practices, including additions to the approved list
• Improved education and TA, including an internal train-the-trainer program and peer education

Jessica Hulse Dillon, Senior Director of Soil & Climate Alliance, said: “It’s critical for the USDA to consider valuable input from key stakeholders with industry-leading experience and insight. We are grateful that its leadership recognizes the importance of regenerative agriculture practices and soil health to U.S. agriculture, and we look forward to helping to create real change for our food systems.”

35 organizations and farmers signed on to the letter, including Applegate, Seven Sundays, MegaFood, EarthJustice, Green America, Nutrient Density Initiative, InCommon Group, Land Core, American Sustainable Business Network, Carbon180, Farmer’s Footprint, The Non-GMO Project, Regenerative Agriculture Coalition, Latino Farmers & Ranchers International, TIFS (Transformational Investing in Food Systems), US Composting Council, GC Revolve LLC, CA Association of Compost Producers, Naturepedic Organic Mattresses, and more.

Ayesha Ali, Co-Founder and Partner at InCommon, said: “Farmers and consumers across the country have been asking for real support from the USDA to help producers transition to regenerative agriculture; we are pleased to see USDA and NRCS leadership respond with a program that has the potential to provide that. Now, addressing NRCS capacity and creating broadly available educational opportunities about soil health practices will be instrumental to ensuring measurable, long-term success for the program.”

Adam Chappell of Chappell Brothers Farm, said: “This funding could be an important first step for many farmers, towards a better way of practicing agriculture and away from a system that is no longer serving us as producers, or the consumers. If adopted, these recommendations would mean farmers could access transformative support, allowing them to create real and positive change for our farmers, our food, and our communities”

The full letter can be found here: https://www.soilclimatealliance.org/regen-policy-initiative  

The Soil & Climate Alliance is a Green America initiative focused on advancing regenerative agriculture and soil health solutions.

###

ABOUT

Soil & Climate Alliance is a collaborative hub driving innovation in agriculture to create a resilient, equitable, and inclusive food system. We focus on regenerating soil health, sequestering carbon, and revitalizing rural economies — while improving water quality, biodiversity, food security, and nutrition. For more information, go to https://www.soilclimatealliance.org/.  

MEDIA CONTACT:  Max Karlin at (703) 276-3255, mkarlin@hastingsgroupmedia.com.

The Maryland legislature passed, and the Governor recently signed, The Utility RELIEF Act, which includes important protections for consumers, communities, and the environment on AI Data Centers that are proposed across the state. 

There are some important wins on data centers that Green America and allies supported: 

• The definition of hyperscale data centers was expanded to include smaller data centers (25 MW and up). 

• New Voluntary Clean Capacity Rating Program. This is an incentive program that encourages data centers to bring and pay for their own clean energy to include battery storage and non-emitting sources. 

• Ratepayer protections. Data centers will pay for transmission, distribution, interconnection, and new capacity costs. 

• Prohibits the construction of data centers in low-income communities in Baltimore City. 

Green America joined allies, including Nature Forward and Chesapeake Climate Action Network, in urging the Maryland Legislature to put protections in place for proposed AI data centers in the state before they get built – and the resulting legislation is an important first step – for Maryland and for other states working to limit harms and increase benefits from data centers. 

In particular, the Voluntary Clean Capacity Rating Program includes a number of provisions that are in line with Green America’s Community Partnership Model for Data Centers – a roadmap for building data centers that support communities instead of harming them. 

But, on the minus side: 

• The incentive program for clean energy for data centers won’t take effect until the program is enacted by the Public Service Commission in December 2027.  In the meantime there is no incentive for using clean energy to power data centers. 

• There are incentives for nuclear power, which is counted as a non-emitting source, with costs borne by ratepayers. 

• The data center provisions are part of the overall energy bill that includes extensive cuts to the Maryland EmPOWER program, which provides rebates and incentives for homeowners to adopt energy efficiency, and electrification, and assists low-income households.  The program is a driver of the state meeting its climate goals, and these reductions will imperil meeting these goals. (Green America supported the inclusion of the data center regulations but not the overall energy bill for this reason). 

What’s next? Ensure that AI Data Centers do not harm Maryland Communities.  Green America will: 

• Work with counties and municipalities throughout the state to ensure that any data centers built support communities – in addition to our Community Partnership Model, we are sharing our new guide: 10 Steps to Ensure an AI Data Center Benefits Your Community, and advocating with our members to ensure community participation in and benefit from data centers. 

• Continue to pressure the largest tech companies – Google, Microsoft, Amazon, and Meta to end their use of polluting energy sources for data centers that are devastating communities nationwide. 

• Ensure that only renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, and battery backup are the only sources of energy for data centers, and that nuclear power is not counted as clean energy in any data center project. 

• Encourage any data center that is built to include Virtual Power Production (VPPs) that will enable homeowners to sell energy to data centers from battery storage (including from electric vehicles) at their home and are paid for this energy. 

Green America’s free guide, “10 Steps to Ensure an AI Data Center Benefits Your Community,” shows you how to take action early—protecting your community, demanding transparency, and ensuring real benefits before decisions are made. 

Our regenerative farming work just hit a major milestone — and you'll be able to see it next time you shop.

Whole Foods Market has approved Green America's Soil & Climate Initiative as one of their trusted certifications. When you shop at Whole Foods, you'll start seeing products carrying the Soil & Climate Health Initiative Verified™ label — meaning the ingredients were grown by farmers rebuilding healthy soil, reducing carbon in the atmosphere, protecting water quality, and increasing nutrients in our food. Brands like PACHA and Root Chips are already on shelves.

This is what real market transformation looks like.

Since 2019, we've partnered with over 165 farms across 27 states, covering more than 350,000 acres. What sets our program apart is how it combines deep farmer relationships with innovative technology. We don't just certify farms—we work side-by-side with farmers, providing hands-on support to help them transition to practices that are better for their land and their livelihoods. We help farmers test their soil, plan their transition, and connect with food companies looking for regeneratively grown ingredients. Every farm goes through independent verification to ensure the standards are real and credible.

John Strohfus, a Minnesota farmer in our program, told us we're "the most approachable regenerative certification available today." That matters, because if we want more farmers to adopt these practices, we need to make it realistic and economically viable for them.

When major retailers like Whole Foods recognize programs like ours, it creates real economic incentives for farmers to farm differently. It tells the market that consumers care about how their food is grown. And it helps build the infrastructure needed to scale up regenerative agriculture across the country.

This is how we create systemic change: support farmers, educate consumers, build market demand for food that's good for people and the planet. We're proud of this milestone and grateful to everyone who's helped make it possible.

In February 2026, Green America tested five of the most popular beers in the U.S. for the harmful pesticide glyphosate, as well as aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), a breakdown product of glyphosate.

Independent laboratory results showed all five tested positive. These results are concerning given the amount of beer consumed on average in the U.S. and how much people are exposed to these chemicals from farmers to consumers.

Even small exposures matter because they can increase cumulative risk – people are exposed to a wide range of harmful pesticides through their daily diets. Additionally, U.S. regulations defining “acceptable levels” of glyphosate in food and beverages don’t reflect current scientific understanding of risk.

Summary

• What is glyphosate: A widely used herbicide and an active ingredient in agricultural Roundup and other products that can result in residues on food crops.
• What we tested: Five (5) major beers: Budweiser, Bud Light, Corona, Heineken, Michelob Ultra
• What we found: Glyphosate and AMPA were detected in all five samples (see results table). AMPA is the primary breakdown product of glyphosate.
  • Range detected: Glyphosate: 0.25–2.93 ng/g; AMPA: 0.23–0.71 ng/g; Effective glyphosate level: 0.60–3.33 ng/g.
• Why it matters: Beer is widely consumed; residues can reflect farming practices for barley, wheat, and other grains.  Farmers, farmworkers, and rural communities may be exposed, and local environments may be contaminated with glyphosate.
• What should change: Companies should set supplier standards, test routinely, and transition sourcing away from glyphosate-dependent practices as part of an overall plan to reduce and then eliminate toxic pesticides in their supply chains.

Small Exposures to Glyphosate Matter

Glyphosate, which is an active ingredient in Monsanto's Roundup, is the most common weed killer in the U.S. It’s used so heavily on crops that residues show up in many foods and beverages. Bayer recently removed glyphosate from consumer Roundup products, but it is still used widely in agriculture.

Many health advocates argue that all exposure to pesticides should be minimized—while the amount in one glass of beer will not cause immediate harm, it contributes to the broader reality that people are routinely exposed to a mixture of chemicals and pesticides through their diets and the environment. There are growing scientific concerns about low-dose effects, vulnerable populations, and real-world exposure to multiple chemicals.

Many cities, states, and countries have banned glyphosate or are in the process of banning or restricting it. However, regulators, including the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), still allow legal residue levels that are concerning.

• Why even low levels of exposure can be concerning: Even low-level residues can matter because pesticide exposure is cumulative across diet and environment. Studies have shown that lower dose, repeated exposures are likely more harmful than acute exposures. A recent study done on mice found that “glyphosate exposure at doses approximating the U.S. Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) significantly impacts gut microbiota composition.” Essentially, it means supposedly “safe” amounts of glyphosate can still alter the balance of good and bad bacteria in the gut.  Another study found multi-generational impacts of low doses of glyphosate when tested on mice.  Taken together, these findings suggest that even low, repeated exposures—though individually small—may have cumulative and longer-term biological effects that warrant concern.
• Evidence of cancer links and corporate interference: Over the past decade, scientific research has increasingly tied glyphosate exposure to cancer. In addition, the 20+ year-old study that supposedly demonstrated the safety of glyphosate was recently retracted because it came to light that the original publication was largely ghost written by Monsanto scientists. In the retraction, Martin van den Berg, co–editor-in-chief of Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, noted, “the lack of clarity regarding which parts of the article were authored by Monsanto employees creates uncertainty about the integrity of the conclusions drawn.” The leading global authority on cancer classification, led by independent scientists—the International Agency for Research on Cancer—classifies glyphosate as a probable carcinogen.

• EPA allows higher levels of glyphosate on our food than the EU: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency does not fully account for cumulative, long-term exposure or the potential effects of chemical mixtures over time. The EPA’s position that glyphosate does not pose harmful risks to human health when used according to label instructions and is unlikely to be carcinogenic has been the subject of sustained criticism, including documented concerns about regulatory capture and industry influence (e.g. Merchants of Poison)—such as reliance on industry-funded studies. In contrast, the legal limits for residue levels for glyphosate in food in the European Union are substantially lower—in some cases orders of magnitude lower—than those permitted in the U.S.

Why We Tested Beer

Green America launched its Better Beer campaign in the fall of 2025. On average, Americans drink 26.5 gallons of beer/year, and that high consumption rate and broad reach means many people experience a substantial cumulative exposure to pesticides in beer. Furthermore, the U.S. is the #1 exporter of hops (unless you count the EU as a whole) and the U.S. is the #7 exporter of barley. Given beer’s popularity, this could potentially harm millions of Americans and beer-drinkers worldwide, and pesticide applications to crops used in beer could expose growers, farmworkers, beer producers, local communities, and the environment to toxic pesticides as well.

While the main ingredients in beer—barley, wheat, and hops—are treated with different problematic pesticides, glyphosate is pervasive in our environment and food system. Researchers have even found glyphosate in the rain.

In 2019, the Public Interest Research Group (PIRG) tested 20 beers and wines, 19 of which contained glyphosate. We wanted to re-test some of those beers to see if the companies had improved their supply chains since the PIRG study. Our 2025 study found glyphosate present in all the beers we tested.

The State of Pesticides in Beer

Previous studies have found that there are many pesticides used on the crops that go into beer. For example, Green America’s ally, Beyond Pesticides, found 58 pesticides on barley alone! While the brewing process reduces concentrations of some pesticides, there are several that survive the process at higher levels.

One study, “Comprehensive Review on Monitoring, Behavior, and Impact of Pesticide Residues during Beer-Making” found: “Specifically, nine pesticides were identified as remaining at high levels in beer due to their high water solubility (log KOW below 2): methamidophos (retaining ~80%), 2-(1-naphthyl)acetamide and imazaquin (70–80%), and fluoroxypyr, flumetsulam, thiamethoxam, imibenconazole-desbenzyl, imidacloprid, and tebuthiuron (60–70%)”

Another study, “Fate of Pesticide Residues in Beer and Its By-products,” found that over 80% of glyphosate is transferred from the sweet wort—liquid extracted from mash during the brewing process—into the final beer.

As noted above, a PIRG study previously found[1] glyphosate present in 19 of the 20 tested beers and wines, including in organic beverages; the supply chains of organic beverages may have been contaminated by residues found in water, fertilizers, or compost, since glyphosate is prohibited in organic production.

Findings

On February 5, 2026, the five beers tested were delivered directly to Health Research Institute (HRI), a High Complexity CLIA Certified clinical laboratory and an ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 Accredited analytical laboratory.  The beers were delivered in their original containers, and opened and tested by HRI on February 15, 2026, with findings reported on February 18, 2026.

Lab results summary (ng/g or ppb):

Note: The lab reports “Effective glyphosate level” using the FAO residue definition: total glyphosate residue = glyphosate + 1.5 × AMPA.

What these numbers mean: The Health Research Institute reports residues in ng/g (nanograms per gram), which is the same as parts per billion (ppb). In this set of five beers, glyphosate was detected in every sample, and the highest “effective glyphosate level” reported was 3.33 ng/g (Heineken). These are low concentrations—below levels the EPA allows—but they matter because beer is widely consumed and because people may be exposed to glyphosate residues from many foods and drinks—not just one product. And since we are all exposed to multiple pesticides every day, small exposures to any one pesticide contribute to an overall cumulative exposure to pesticides in general.

As noted above, there is also a growing body of research demonstrating that low levels of chronic exposure to glyphosate may be harmful to human health. Recent research demonstrates that counties with the highest usage of glyphosate demonstrate higher incidence rates of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

The fact that glyphosate is present in all five beers tested indicates that the crops used to brew the beer were treated with the chemical. The people most exposed are those who work and live near where those crops were grown—local communities, farmers, and farmworkers, as well as the environment.

Methodology

• Sampling: 5 beers (Budweiser, Bud Light, Corona, Heineken, Michelob Ultra). Sampling date: 2026-2-05. Sample description: Beer.
• Laboratory: Health Research Institute (HRI Labs), Fairfield, Iowa. ISO/IEC 17025:2017 accredited (Accreditation # 92657).
• Analytical method: LC-MS/MS. Testing date: 2026-02-15. Report date: 2026-02-18. Method listed as HRI Method TM #7 “Glyphosate in Water, Cation H method.”
• Analytes: Glyphosate and AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid).
• Limits: Glyphosate LOQ = 0.025 ppb; LOD = 0.007 ppb. AMPA LOQ = 0.025 ppb; LOD = 0.014 ppb. (“Trace” = between LOD and LOQ; “ND” < LOD.)
• Effective glyphosate: Calculated per FAO residue definition: glyphosate + 1.5 × AMPA.
• Method basis: Sample preparation/analysis employed modifications of methods described in Chamkasem et al. (2016) and Jensen et al. (2016). Measurement uncertainties are available from the lab upon request. In this project, the lab analyzed beer using LC‑MS/MS, a highly sensitive testing method commonly used to measure pesticide residues.

Why This Matters

For many people, beer isn’t an occasional product—it’s a regular purchase. When a pesticide residue shows up in a commonly consumed drink, it raises questions that go beyond individual exposure: What agricultural practices are being used upstream? Are major brands verifying their supply chains and testing ingredients in general? And are regulatory thresholds keeping pace with the most cautious interpretations of the science—especially for chemicals used at massive scale?

• Population exposure: Beer adds to overall dietary exposure to pesticides and chemicals; residues across many foods can accumulate.
• Consumer expectations: Many consumers assume beverages are “cleaner” than raw commodities; our findings contradict that assumption.  Nearly 86% of global consumers say they view natural flavors positively in beer — a signal that transparent brewing is becoming an “expectation,” not an exception, states the report. Two out of three shoppers say they are also very likely to pay attention to the use and callout of natural flavors on beer labels.
• Occupational and environmental links: Residues in products can reflect broader patterns affecting farmworkers, soil and water, and biodiversity.
• Regulatory disconnect: The tolerances/“legal” levels set by the EPA can be far higher than what advocates consider acceptable based on precaution and evolving science.
• Market signal: Testing can push transparency and safer sourcing across the industry. Beer producers will only address toxic chemicals in their supply chains if they are aware and their consumer audience is also concerned.

What These Beer-Producing Companies Should Do

• Make a time-bound commitment to eliminate harmful pesticides: Set a clear deadline to phase out harmful pesticides from supply chains, starting with high-impact ingredients like barley and hops.
• Work with suppliers to implement better farming systems: Partner with growers to adopt integrated pest management (IPM) and expand organic farming practices.
• Set ingredient standards and prohibit high-residue practices: Require suppliers to avoid practices that drive higher residues (including pre-harvest glyphosate applications, where relevant) and to document pesticide use.
• Ensure complete supply chain transparency: Publicly disclose pesticide policies, supplier standards, and regular progress updates.
• Support farmers and farmworkers in the transition: Provide funding, technical assistance, training, and protections to help move toward regenerative and organic agriculture.
• Fund substantial assistance for pesticide-free methods: Offer meaningful financial support (e.g., cost-sharing, longer-term contracts, transition premiums) for suppliers adopting pesticide-free farming methods.
• Use third-party verified measurement and verification: Implement routine third-party testing and independent verification to measure performance and demonstrate a commitment to health and quality.
• Collaborate with environmental organizations and use science-based approaches: Work with credible partners to prioritize evidence-based standards, monitoring, and continuous improvement.

What You Can Do as a Consumer: Take Action and Protect Yourself

• Choose organic: Certified organic beers tend to have the lowest levels of glyphosate and are already working to end pesticide use and improve agricultural practices in the supply chain.
• Ask questions: Contact brands and local breweries to ask where they source barley/wheat from. Do they restrict pre-harvest glyphosate? Do they test for glyphosate/AMPA?
• Support better agriculture: Buy from producers using verified organic and regenerative practices that restrict pesticide reliance.
• Advocate: Sign onto Green America’s action to halt the use of toxic pesticides in beer production, submit comments to regulators, support policy proposals that lower tolerances and require more robust, independent testing.
• Share information: Help others understand that “legal” does not always mean “safe,” and that repeated low-dose exposure is a key concern. You can learn more about problematic pesticides here.
• Reduce overall exposure: Consider broader dietary shifts (more organic where feasible) and filter drinking water if relevant to your area.

References

1. Barnett, J. A., Josephson, J. K., Yuzbashian, E., Haskey, N., Hart, M. M., Soma, K. K., Verdugo, A., McComb, C. J., Bandy, M. L., Ghosh, S., Letef, C., Copp, A., Ishida, R., Gibon, J., Ye, J., Giebelhaus, R. T., Murch, S. J., Jung, M. M., & Gibson, D. L. (2025). Prenatal exposure to dietary levels of glyphosate disrupts metabolic, immune, and behavioral markers across generations in mice. Science of the Total Environment, 1002, Article 180437.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.180437
2. Chamkasem, N., Morris, C., & Harmon, T. 2016. “Direct Determination of Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and AMPA in Milk by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry.” Journal of Regulatory Science 3(2): 20–26.
3. Cook, K. (2019). Glyphosate Pesticide in Beer and Wine [Review of Glyphosate Pesticide in Beer and Wine]. In US PIRG Education Fund. https://publicinterestnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/WEB_USP_Glyphosate-pesticide-beer-and-wine_REPORT_022619-2.pdf
4. ‌Food Ingredients First. (2026, February 16). Beer innovation trends: Kalsec reveals what's driving consumer choices. Retrieved April 15, 2026, from https://www.foodingredientsfirst.com/news/beer-innovation-trends-kalsec-reveals-whats-driving-consumer-choices.html
5. Hakme E, Kallehauge Nielsen I, Fermina Madsen J, Storkehave LM, Skjold Elmelund Pedersen M, Schulz BL, Poulsen ME, Hobley TJ, Duedahl-Olesen L. Fate of pesticide residues in beer and its by-products. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2024 Jan;41(1):45-59. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2023.2282557. Epub 2024 Jan 17. PMID: 38039344.
6. Health Research Institute (HRI Labs). 2026. COA 4 V1.8 Certificate of Analysis: Beer—Glyphosate & AMPA (Samples S14163–S14167). Report date: 2026-02-18. (On file with authors.)
7. Jensen, P. K., Wujcik, C. E., McGuire, M. K., & McGuire, M. A. 2016. “Validation of Reliable and Selective Methods for Direct Determination of Glyphosate and Aminomethylphosphonic Acid in Milk and Urine Using LC-MS/MS.” Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B 51(4): 254–259.
8. Leasca, S. (2026, March 26). High glyphosate use, higher cancer rates? A new report raises questions. Food & Wine. Retrieved April 15, 2026, from https://www.foodandwine.com/high-glyphosate-use-higher-cancer-rates-report-11932542
9. Lehman, P. C., Cady, N., Ghimire, S., Shahi, S. K., Shrode, R. L., Lehmler, H.-J., & Mangalam, A. K. (2023). Low-dose glyphosate exposure alters gut microbiota composition and modulates gut homeostasis. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 100, Article 104149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2023.104149
10. Malkan, S., with Klein, K., & Lappé, A. (2022, December). Merchants of poison: How Monsanto sold the world on a toxic pesticide: A case study in disinformation, corrupted science, and manufactured doubt about glyphosate [Report]. U.S. Right to Know. https://usrtk.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Merchants_of_Poison_Report_final_120522.pdf
11. Pall Corporation. (2024, April). The future of beer: Sustainability and consumer demand. Retrieved April 15, 2026, from https://www.pall.com/en/food-beverage/blog/beer-consumer-survey.html
12. Pérez-Lucas G, Navarro G, Navarro S. Comprehensive Review on Monitoring, Behavior, and Impact of Pesticide Residues during Beer-Making. J Agric Food Chem. 2023 Feb 1;71(4):1820-1836. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07830. Epub 2023 Jan 18. PMID: 36651341; PMCID: PMC9896562.

[1] Note: The 2019 PIRG study used an ELISA immunoassay, while in 2026 Green America worked with HRI lab, which used the LC-MS/MS assay, which is generally considered a more precise and accurate method. ELISA can sometimes overestimate results, which offers an explanation why the PIRG study found somewhat higher levels of glyphosate than Green America’s study.

Synthetic pesticides are widely used in industrial agriculture and on lawns, school grounds, and public spaces across the country. These chemical-intensive methods have serious consequences for environmental and human health.  

The impacts of this pesticide problem are far-reaching.  Herbicides like those containing glyphosate have been linked to cancer in major lawsuits, while chemicals like atrazine can cause developmental defects in babies when mothers are exposed through contaminated drinking water.  And neonicotinoids are toxic to bees. 

What’s more, the US allows many pesticides, such as paraquat, that are banned in other countries.   

If we don't transition away from synthetic chemicals in agriculture and landscaping, communities will continue facing health crises—from cancer to birth defects—while our soil, water, and climate deteriorate. Farming families experience these devastating effects firsthand, and communities of color are disproportionately impacted by environmental contamination. 

The pesticide crisis is an enormous threat to people, pollinators, and the planet, but it also presents an opportunity to build a truly regenerative food system that works for all.  

We have Solutions to the Pesticide Problem

Green America is fighting back by asking major beer companies, B&G (Green Giant), and ConAgra (Orville Redenbacher popcorn) to: 

1. Make a time-bound commitment to eliminate problematic pesticides from their supply chains 

2. Work with suppliers to implement integrated pest management and organic farming practices  

3. Ensure complete supply chain transparency by publicly disclosing pesticide policies and progress  

4. Support farmers and farmworkers in transitioning to regenerative, organic agriculture practices  

5. Collaborate with environmental organizations and prioritize science-based approaches  

6. Fund substantial assistance for suppliers adopting pesticide-free farming methods 

7. Use third party verified measurement and verification to demonstrate a commitment to health & quality. 

What You Can Do about Pesticides 

You can help fight the problem of pesticides by: 

• Supporting organic and regenerative farming practices, which restore soil health, sequester carbon, and grow nutritious food that doesn't poison our bodies or the Earth. 

• Creating a Climate Victory Garden  

• Support your local farmers and talk to them  

• Let your voice be heard.  Take Green America’s actions telling the 6 major beer companies, B&G (Green Giant), and ConAgra (popcorn) to eliminate harmful pesticides from their supply chains.  

• Look for regenerative-certified products from the Soil and Climate Initiative’s label—now at Whole Foods Markets.  More products will be added to the label in the upcoming year! 

Together, we can turn the tide on the pesticide problem and create solutions that heal soil, the planet, and our bodies. 

TAKE ACTION

Since the government is not ending the use of dangerous pesticides, itSince the government is not ending the use of dangerous pesticides, it’s up to us to hold corporations accountable. You can help fight the problem of pesticides by taking action with Green America to get pesticides out of these popular foods.

Beer

Take Action

B&G/Green Giant

Take Action

Popcorn

Take Action

The green living journey is one full of starts and stops, learning new habits, and imperfect growth. But there's one big way you can have a say demanding for a better world that doesn't require constant work—switching your bank. Because megabanks are bad news.

Ten of the largest banks worldwide are U.S.-based and the top two alone, JPMorgan Chase and Bank of America contributed $100 billion to fossil fuels in 2024, with environmentally damaging investments growing year over year. It doesn't matter if you have $50 or $500,000 in your bank—moving your money from these megabanks to a credit union or community development financial institution gives them less funds to invest in a future you don't believe in.

This is what Green American Jussara Lee realized when she changed her bank, but that's not all: changing your insurance is similarly effective, and Green America helped Lee with that, too. Lee is a fashion designer and environmental activist. Our conversation below shows how straight-forward and empowering this change is.

Anya Crittenton: When and how did you first realize you needed to change your bank / property insurance? 

Jussara Lee: It was during Trump’s first mandate when I read an article by Lennox Yearwood Jr. from Hip Hop Caucus and Bill McKibben from Stop The Money Pipeline about investments in the fossil fuel industries by the big banks. I had been a Chase customer since I was a college student, proud of knowing my bank account number by heart, and completely oblivious to how financial institutions operated. Until then, I had never questioned what they did with my deposits. 

Only when I watched two Green America webinars, on Greening Your Finances and the encore edition, did I understand how my bank deposits and insurance policy purchases were used to fund fossil fuel expansion. I am a nature lover who grieves the loss and the continuous plundering of our planet. That awakening lead me to switch to banks and insurance companies that align with my interests.

Crittenton: What was your process for weighing new bank and credit union / insurance options? 

Lee: Once I learned my deposits were helping fund destruction, I felt a certain urgency to move my money to a different bank and ended up making the mistake of switching to TD Bank around 2014. For some reason it was important to see their branches everywhere. It gave them clout and convinced me my money would be safe there. I was also told they didn’t invest in fossil fuels, but some years later I saw the bank’s name at the bottom of a list of banks that did invest in “natural” gas and pipeline expansions. Once I learned this, I started taking the next steps to move banks again. 

What scares people the most, is the idea of safety. Once they understand the safety the big banks exude is smoke and mirrors, I believe it makes it easier to switch banks.

Crittenton: How did you make sure your new bank or credit union / insurance option met all of your needs? 

Lee: After watching the webinars offered by Green America ( thank you!) and studying the map ( thank you again!), I found a bank that had a branch near where I live in Manhattan. I visited the branch, asked questions and felt they were able to provide everything I needed. I am also financially savvier than I was when I first started to “follow the money” and realize that much of the big banks’ allure is based on marketing tactics that give the public the preconceived notion that our money is safer there. This false image also disguises their wrongdoing. 

I also similarly used Green America's Climate Smart Insurance Directory to find a new insurance provider.

Crittenton: Okay, you’ve picked a new institution. What steps did you take to make the switch and what was the level of difficulty? 

Lee: Once I chose the mission-driven bank that best suited my needs, I visited the branch with a blank check and my ID. Then I simply opened a personal account and made a deposit while closing the old bank account. The B Corp accreditation also gave me an extra peace of mind.

My determination to switch banks and insurance companies led me to chat with the representatives. I was charged with a sense of purpose that was motivating to achieve my goals so the simpler lobby and less flamboyant building didn’t make a dent on my decision. It actually made sense that the mission driven institutions didn’t have a lavish space since they were not working with the powerful industries that destroy the environment to make money.

Crittenton: Did you let your former bank / insurance company know why you left? If so, what did you say? 

Lee: My bank agent asked the reason I was closing the accounts, and I told him that I was switching to a bank that didn’t invest in fossil fuel.

The letter provided on your website was very helpful as a template.

Crittenton: What would you say to people navigating this process or who have hesitations about switching their financial institutions or insurance companies?

Lee: What scares people the most, is the idea of safety. Once they understand the safety the big banks exude is smoke and mirrors, I believe it makes it easier to switch banks. The mission-driven banks also have deposits up to $250K FDIC insured. The remaining hesitation is probably based on people’s dependence on convenience. But once they are better informed, people tend to get motivated to break the shackles with the institutions that are financing the destruction of the planet we live.

I encourage people who want to line up their beliefs with their finances to make the switch. They will sleep better knowing their money is being used for the greater good. It is also empowering to make a dent in a cruel system that only enriches the greedy people of the fossil fuel industries.

Crittenton: What have you learned about financial institutions, insurance companies, and the environment throughout all of this?

Lee: I learned that the big banks exude false confidence, that they fund the most destructive projects and can’t be trusted specially with our money. I learned that we actually have more power than we are aware of and can exercise it and make a positive impact based on how we use our money.

Crittenton: What excites you most about your new bank/credit union/insurance company? 

Lee: I am excited about not financing bad behavior! I'm thrilled my money is not being used on fossil fuel expansion and armaments. I wish I could say the same about my taxes…

Crittenton: That's the next crusade.

Anyone can switch their bank or insurance provider and it's easier thank you think. Find your new bank or credit union from hundreds of options at Get a Better Bank now and a new insurance provider with the Climate Smart Insurance Directory.

How welcoming insects into your garden creates a more resilient, lower-maintenance outdoor space

It might seem counterintuitive, but one of the most powerful things you can do for your garden is to make it attractive to insects. A garden rich in biodiversity — including the crawling, flying, and burrowing creatures most of us cringe at — is better equipped to handle the challenges of a changing climate. And, perhaps more surprisingly, it often means less work for you.

"The truth of the matter is that building natural biodiversity in your outside space will be a key tactic against the more volatile weather of the climate-changed future. A much more naturalistic, low-maintenance space is less work for [the gardener] and is better able to withstand the vagaries of our future weather."

— Sally Morgan & Kim Stoddart, The Climate Change Garden

When a wide variety of species share your garden, it becomes much harder for any single problematic one to take over. And with milder winters giving harmful pests more opportunity to thrive, encouraging beneficial insects — like ladybugs that feast on aphids — is more important than ever. (We've written before about leaving your leaves and dried up plants as a simple first step.)

Plant for the whole season

A steady supply of nectar from spring through late autumn gives insects what they need to thrive — and to overwinter successfully. Aim for a mixture of flowering plants, as native as possible, that bloom at different points in the season. Don't be too tidy with your vegetable patch either: letting some crops bolt and flower attracts pollinators early in the spring, exactly when they need it. 

Simple habitat ideas

🪵Log and leaf piles

A humble pile of leaves or logs is a surprisingly rich habitat. Helpful pollinators shelter here, as do garden allies like frogs, toads, and ground beetles.

🌿Be careful when mowing

Long grass offers daytime shelter for amphibians and moths. If you have a lawn, consider leaving patches uncut — a strategic strip of tall grass can make a real difference.

🏨Build a bug hotel

Morgan and Stoddart are enthusiastic advocates of the bug hotel. Stack old pallets to create layers and fill the gaps with recycled materials — bamboo canes, bricks, clay pipes, bits of wood. The nooks and crannies become perfect homes for insects, spiders, and even amphibians. The more variety of materials, the greater the diversity of guests.

A spotlight on solitary bees

Honeybees get most of the attention, but solitary bees are some of the most effective pollinators in any garden. Unlike their hive-dwelling cousins, they don't sting aggressively, and they're remarkably easy to welcome.

Carpenter bee, an excellent pollinator

These industrious bees drill into wood to lay their eggs. You can encourage them by placing a piece of soft, untreated wood somewhere sheltered from rain — a simple invitation that costs almost nothing.  If your own house is made of wood, providing them with an alternative wood supply will help keep them away from your home. 

Mason bee, 100-120× more effective than honeybees

Mason bees are extraordinary pollinators. They are more effective than honeybees, because they carry dry pollen on their bellies rather than in baskets.  To attract them, roll up paper towel or toilet paper tubes and bundle them together in a sheltered spot. That's genuinely all it takes to build them a home they'll use.

Remember:  A garden that works with nature rather than against it is one that looks after itself. The less we try to control every corner, the more resilient — and alive — it becomes.

From Half-Barrel Gardens to a Thriving Micro-Farm: Lisa's Oak Spring Farm

Oak Spring Farm, an organic farm in Freeland, MD is proof that you don't need hundreds of acres to make a real impact. On less than two acres of cultivated land, Lisa has built something remarkable — a community-rooted farm that has sustained her family for over a decade and grown from the seeds of a lifelong love of the outdoors.

"I was just always an outdoor farm kid," Lisa recalls, thinking back to her childhood in central New York, where she helped her father tend the family garden on their few acres of land. That early connection to the earth never left her — not even when she traded rural life for Los Angeles at 19. There, she kept half-barrel gardens on whatever patch of space she could find, nurturing that instinct to grow something of her own.

A Move to Maryland

It was a move to Maryland, though, that changed everything. After years of being spoiled by the vibrant, fresh food culture of Southern California farmers' markets, Lisa found herself underwhelmed by what the local grocery store had to offer. So she did what came naturally: she started growing her own.

One thing led to another. What began as a backyard garden gradually expanded into a small CSA, first serving friends, family, and the local mom's club she was part of. "That was almost 20 years ago," she says. From there, the momentum only grew — helping launch the Hereford Farmers Market in 2012, completing the Beginner Farmer Training program through Future Harvest CASA—a year-long training program that teaches farmers to use sustainable and regenerative practices—and steadily building Oak Spring Farm into the operation it is today.

Oak Spring Farm is a certified-organic farm.  Lisa explained that the farm’s soil is tested every year to retain its organic certification.  In twenty years, Lisa was able to completely transform the soil from nearly all clay to high organic matter with a high nutrient profile.  This high organic matter helps Oak Spring Farm be resilient in the face of more frequent flooding and warmer temperatures. 

The farm's story is one of quiet tenacity. For more than ten years, Oak Spring Farm supported Lisa and her three children — a feat made all the more striking given that the entire operation takes place on less than two cultivated acres. "It's amazing what you can do with a little bit of space," as Lisa put it.  

Planting Seeds of Knowledge: CSALove

For Lisa, farming was never just about what she could grow — it was about what she could teach. Before Oak Spring Farm, she spent six years as a high school biology teacher, and that love of teaching never left her. Over the years, she mentored beginner farmers through Future Harvest/CASA's training program; ran an informal intern program on the farm; took on volunteers; and taught gardening classes. "I feel like people were always looking for a farmer that would take them under their wing," she says.

That spirit of mentorship has now evolved into something bigger:  CSALove, her full-time coaching and consulting business. After becoming a certified business and marketing coach, Lisa began formally working with aspiring and early-stage farmers, as well as backyard gardeners who dream of turning their passion into something more. "CSALove comes from believing that you can run a small, profitable farm and be happy," she says. "You can be a happy CSA farmer."

Her approach fills a specific gap in the farming education landscape. While there's no shortage of resources on how to grow food, Lisa focuses on what comes next — the business side of small farming that often trips people up. She helps clients figure out the right crop mix, craft marketing strategies to attract and retain CSA members, and prepare for their first farmers' market. Currently working with about half a dozen clients, she offers in-person consultations for those in the Mid-Atlantic region and Zoom coaching sessions for those further afield.

But her work isn't purely practical. Lisa is equally focused on mindset. "Entrepreneurs wear all the hats," she notes, "and mindset is a big part of it." Whether she's working with a first-time CSA farmer or a home gardener tempted to just buy their vegetables at the grocery store, Lisa's goal is the same: to help people recognize how fulfilling it is to grow their own food — and to empower them to keep going.

Looking ahead, she's building out resources on her website, csalove.com, and has plans for webinars and an online course. "I just want to share my knowledge and empower people," she says simply.

For Lisa, the philosophy behind her farming has always been inseparable from her identity as an environmentalist. From those half-barrel gardens in LA to the fields of Freeland and now to CSALove, her work has been guided by a belief that how we grow our food matters — for the land, for the community, and for the future.

Oak Spring Farm — and now CSALove — is a reminder that big change can take root in small places.

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Green America harnesses economic power — the strength of consumers, investors, businesses, and the marketplace — to create a socially just and environmentally sustainable society. Together, we can protect our beautiful planet and all its people!

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Big fast-food companies are employing children as young as ten years old to work in dangerous conditions. They also work hours so long that it negatively impacts their education.

Thanks to the pressure of hundreds and thousands of Green Americans, chocolate companies have taken actions to address child labor.

Child labor in the US is a growing problem. From 2015 to 2022, the number of minors employed in violation of child labor laws rose by 283%.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) data centers are spreading nationwide – driving air and noise pollution; causing water shortages; and raising energy bills for millions of Americans. 

Green America’s Dirty Data campaign is calling attention to the role of Big Tech companies in driving the development of AI data centers and calling on these multibillion-dollar companies to power AI with 100% renewable energy. 

Green America’s Community Partnership research demonstrates it is possible to not only power AI data centers with renewable energy, but to also create community benefits by sourcing energy from local homeowners who provide battery backup to the data center through Virtual Power Plants (VPPs).  Big Tech would pay homeowners to install battery backup systems, solar energy, and further electrify their homes and then pay these homeowners for the energy used. 

Data centers get clean, reliable power that meets peak as well as baseload demands.  Homeowners get compensation for providing energy instead of increased energy bills.  Communities get cleaner air.  And the climate is protected.  All at no cost to taxpayers or ratepayers. 

We developed our Community Partnership Model for Maryland, a state that is looking to scale up data centers to help meet budget shortfalls.  But Marylanders are pushing back against these proposed data centers, based on the documented health and environmental impacts of data centers in Virginia – which has the largest number of data centers of any state in the US. 

Our detailed financial analysis for a data center proposed in Prince George's county in Maryland, where a 820 MW data center was proposed, shows the potential benefits of powering AI data centers with renewable energy and VPPs for every 100 MW needed: 

• $1.2 billion in cost savings for the data center (60% reduction over 20 years); they bear all of the costs and reach profitability in years 3 - 4 

• $668 million in community economic benefit  

• $24,000-34,000 per household over 10 years for 1,000 LMI households in Prince George's County nearest the center who volunteer to participate  

• 150-200 permanent jobs with 60-80% local hiring 

• 95%+ renewable energy (10 million tons CO₂ avoided) 

• No cost to taxpayers or ratepayers  

While the paper focuses on the opportunity for Maryland, the analysis applies to the development of data centers nationwide.  All data centers could be developed using 100% renewable energy and create community benefits. 

Do you know the largest source of climate pollution comes from supermarkets? You might be surprised to learn it comes from how these stores preserve our food.  

Most supermarkets currently use HFCs, refrigerants that are major climate pollutants with thousands of times the global warming potential of CO2. When these refrigerants inevitably leak from cooling systems, they are major drivers of the climate crisis. 

While many groceries are switching to Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), they’re actually trading one harm for another. HFOs do cause less climate change than HFCs, but when HFOs leak into our soil and water, they eventually break down into trifluoroacetate (TFA), a forever chemical linked to reproductive and cardiac issues and cancers. So, this new “solution” actually creates pollutants that risk our health!  

But there's a better choice: natural refrigerants – like CO2, ammonia, and propane. They have a very low climate footprint, are safe, and save money in the long run. 

Green America is working to shift the entire grocery industry to natural refrigerants in all stores and distribution centers nationwide to protect the planet and human health. You can take action with us to urge large chains to do better. 

Unfortunately, many large grocery chains are slow to adopt natural refrigerants. They say that making the switch is too expensive. But there are local and regional grocers disproving those claims by making the shift and saving money over time.  

They are using natural refrigerants as part of their overall commitment to the wellbeing of their communities and the environment, while providing a great shopping experience for their customers. Many of these stores are also strong supporters of organic, regenerative, and local sourcing to provide customers with safe and nutritious foods.  

We’re seeing first-hand how caring for our communities and the planet aligns with making a profit. Click on a region below to find a climate-leading store near you to support. 

Green America investigates refrigerant leaks at major Sacramento supermarkets, revealing progress and ongoing climate pollution risks.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY       

Refrigerant leaks are major short-term drivers of climate change. 

And as a major source of refrigerant leaks, supermarkets can’t afford to ignore how those leaks are their primary source of direct climate emissions. 

Green America monitors refrigerant leaks from stores run by the country’s largest supermarket chains as part of our efforts to encourage these corporations to reduce their carbon footprints. 

We recently revisited supermarkets in Sacramento, California, where we previously discovered refrigerant leaks that we reported to the corporate headquarters of supermarkets and to the California state regulator.  

We found refrigerant leaks in 5 out of 11 stores in 2024, but in only 1 out of 11 stores in 2026.  

In 2024, we found leaks at Albertsons/Safeway, Walmart, Kroger, and Save Mart stores. 

In 2026, we only found a leak at 1 Walmart store. However, that one leak found in 2026 (20 ppm) was greater than any leak detected in 2024. 

The reduction in leaks detected overall could have resulted from increased regulation of supermarkets, pressure from nonprofit organizations such as Green America, and/or supermarkets working to reduce expenses affiliated with refrigerant leaks. 

Green America will continue to investigate leaks at grocery stores in locations around the country and provide reports on our findings. 

INTRO 

Refrigerants are essential to modern life, but the most common refrigerants are greenhouse gases called hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which intensify the climate crisis. 

These harmful, human-made gases are leaking out of refrigeration systems and rapidly entering our atmosphere. As part of the crucial work of cutting CO2 emissions, we must also address dangerous, extremely potent HFCs. 

Eliminating HFCs and adopting climate-friendly natural refrigerants like CO2, ammonia, or propane is a top solution to address the climate crisis that can prevent nearly half a degree of global warming. Natural refrigerants all have a very low global warming potential (GWP), meaning they contribute very little to climate change. Better cooling can help prevent 460 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions in the coming years. 

Supermarkets are major drivers of refrigerant pollutants.  A typical supermarket consumes 4,000 pounds of refrigerants each year; a quarter of that amount regularly leaks out due to faulty systems. 

Refrigerant leaks from US supermarkets emit 45 million metric tons of greenhouse gases every year—the equivalent of 9.5 million cars on the road.  

To address this issue, Green America is calling on all supermarkets to commit to:  

• Using only natural refrigerant (HFC-free systems) in all new locations; 

• Releasing concrete timelines to phase out HFCs and transition to natural refrigerants in all stores and facilities by 2030;  

• Not adopting HFO refrigerants being pushed as an alternative by chemical companies, which have a lower Global Warming Potential (GWP) than HFCs, but breakdown into PFAS chemicals when released to the environment; 

• Rapidly repairing refrigerant leaks and publishing annual leak rates; 

• And ensuring responsible refrigerant disposal to reduce emissions.   

Preventing HFC refrigerants leaks in supermarkets is essential while we urge stores to adopt natural refrigerants as doing both helps protect our climate. But many supermarket chains continue to allow extensive refrigerant leaks. 

FINDINGS 

Green America staff visited 11 stores in Sacramento, California, in February 2026 and took three separate readings of potential refrigerant leaks at each store. 

We visited the same 11 stores in July of 2024.  

Overall, we found the rate of leaks decreased between 2024 and 2026 at the stores we visited, with most stores that had significant leaks in 2024 demonstrating no leaks in 2026. 

The Walmart store where we found a leak in 2026 is using R-407a refrigerant, an HFC refrigerant with a GWP of 2,107, while CO2 has a GWP of one.  This means that every kilogram of R-407a refrigerant that leaks is equal to nearly two tons of leaked CO2. 

INTERPRETATION 

The number of leaks at the 11 stores decreased significantly between 2024 and 2026.  We found a total of five leaks in 2024 and only found one leak at a single store in 2026, though that single leak is significant.   

The decrease in leaks detected overall could be due to several factors: 

1. Increased regulation by the federal government and State of California requiring improved refrigerant leak management may have pushed several major grocery chains to increase leak detection in their stores.  

2. Advocacy by nonprofit organizations, including Green America, and consumers has put pressure on companies to increase their leak detection and better address refrigerant leaks. Several major grocery chains have documented that they are prioritizing refrigerant leak reductions in their corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports in recent years. 

3. The average grocery store leaks 25% of its refrigerants each year, creating unnecessary expenses. Across the grocery sector, tightening refrigerant leaks can save the industry millions of dollars per year. Stores may be proactively addressing leaks to save money.  A number of supermarket chains are instituting infrared leak detectors in stores to find and eliminate leaks more promptly. 

4. Green America and allies reported leaks we found at stores in 2024 to their headquarters as well as to the California Air Resources Board (CARB), which regulates and investigates refrigerant leaks in the state. It is possible that these reports resulted in improved leak management at the specific stores we visited. 

METHODOLOGY 

We performed three separate tests of refrigerant leaks at each supermarket we investigated. The most recent testing was performed in February 2026. Prior testing was performed in July of 2024. 

For a detected leak to be considered significant, it needed to exceed 2 ppm.   

At the one supermarket where a leak was detected in 2026, three separate significant readings were obtained. 

Different leak detectors were used in the 2024 and 2026 testing, but both have an accuracy of +/- 1 ppm. 

In 2024, we employed the Bacharach PGM-IR Bagless Portable Refrigerant Monitor, which can detect over 60 different refrigerants, including various chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and HFCs. The machine compares the infrared (IR) signatures of the air sample to the preprogrammed signature for the selected refrigerant. The device has an accuracy of +/-1 ppm for most HFCs and +/-10 or +/-15% for HCFC-22 

In 2026, we employed the Inficon D-TEK Stratus Refrigerant Leak Detector and Portable Monitor, which can detect all CFCs, HCFCs, HFCs, hydrofluoroolefins, blends and CO2. The Inficon D-TEK Stratus does not require the user to look for a specific refrigerant. Instead, the device references a library of IR signatures and outputs a ppm value if the intake matches any of the signatures in the reference library. The device has an accuracy of +/-1 ppm or 10% of its reading 

REGULATION 

Increased regulation of refrigerant leaks by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the State of California could play a role in reducing the number of leaks we detected in 2026. Supermarket chains may be anticipating the impacts of increased regulation and complying in advance. 

The EPA’s HFC Management Rules came into effect on January 1, 2026, and require refrigerant management systems with a charge size of 15 pounds of refrigerants or greater to take proactive measures to address leaks and requires automatic leak detection on systems with a charge size of 1,500 pounds or greater.  However, the current EPA has also proposed delays in the phase out of HFC refrigerants, which Green America opposes, since it will also delay replacing HFC refrigerants with natural refrigerants. 

The CARB Refrigerant Management Program (RMP) has regulated refrigerant leaks since 2009 and “requires facilities with refrigeration systems containing more than 50 pounds of high-GWP refrigerant to conduct and report periodic leak inspections, promptly repair leaks; and keep service records on site.”  

Failure to comply can result in significant penalties. CARB investigations of refrigerant leaks in supermarkets resulted in settlements of $1,014,125 with H-Mart and $1,592,500 with Save Mart respectively in 2024; over $5 million with Albertsons in 2021; and $60,000 with Walmart in 2021.  These settlements may act as a deterrent. At the same time, with thousands of refrigerant systems statewide, increased resources for CARB enforcement of the RMP are likely needed to ensure greater compliance statewide.  

In addition, California’s new Corporate GHG Disclosure Program will require any company with over $1 billion in revenue to report refrigerant leaks across all their locations. The penalty for missing or incorrect reporting can reach $500,000 annually. 

NEXT STEPS 

Green America will continue to investigate grocery store refrigerant leaks in California and other states to assess the leak rates of various supermarket chains and see if state regulation has had any impact. 

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There is no green economy without protection for workers.

WASHINGTON, DC – March 4, 2026 – More than 40,000 gardens are now participating in Green America’s Climate Victory Gardens campaign, which promotes gardening practices that build healthy soil and draw down carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Launched in 2018, the campaign was inspired by the “Victory Gardens” campaigns during WWI and WWII that produced 40% of the fresh produce consumed in the U.S. at the time. 

Averaging 2233 square feet per garden with a median size of 200 square feet, the 40,694 Climate Victory Gardens represent an estimated 5,214 tons in sequestered carbon, roughly equivalent to offsetting the emissions of 4,046 cars for one year.  

“People love Climate Victory Gardens because they can be self-reliant, grow incredible food and plants, and feel great about what they’re doing,” said Emma Kriss, Food Campaigns Manager at Green America. “We’re excited about the new programming and resources we have in store for Climate Victory Gardeners in the coming year.” 

The global food system contributes up to 29% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, however, food grown using regenerative methods can be part of the climate change solution, with the potential to sequester vast amounts of carbon dioxide. 

Green America provides a variety of free resources, including 5 Steps for Starting a Climate Victory Garden, Manuals for Beginners, Seasoned Gardeners, a Tips, Guides & Tools Index, and more.  

On March 5, Green America will hold a Garden Planning Workshop with gardener and forager Jada Bee, which will cover mapping out this season’s garden, turning ideas into organized planting plans and charts, aligning space with goals for food, beauty, and sustainability, and starting the growing season prepared and inspired. 

On March 11, a workshop called Start Your Climate Victory Garden this Spring! will feature author Nicky Schauder and cover the basics of Climate Victory Gardening. 

A playlist of previous Climate Victory Garden webinars is available here.  

To add your own Climate Victory Garden to Green America’s searchable map, visit: https://greenam.org/garden. 

ABOUT GREEN AMERICA 

Green America is the nation’s leading green economy organization. Founded in 1982, Green America provides the economic strategies, organizing power and practical tools for businesses and individuals to solve today’s social and environmental problems. http://www.GreenAmerica.org 

MEDIA CONTACT: Max Karlin for Green America, (703) 276-3255, or mkarlin@hastingsgroupmedia.com.  

This work could look like handling pesticides on a cocoa farm or cleaning dangerous equipment in a slaughterhouse.  

The facts: 

• There are 138 million child laborers globally. nearly half of which are performing hazardous work.  

• Nearly 40% of child laborers are in hazardous work.  

• 61% of child labor is in the agriculture sector 

• 57% of child laborers are between the ages of 5 – 11  

Child labor and poverty are inextricably linked. Children are often pushed into dangerous work due to poverty. And, child laborers often miss out on an education which may have enabled them to get out of poverty. It is a vicious cycle and one we have a responsibility to act on.  

Child Labor in the United States 

Child labor is on the rise in the United States.  

• An estimated 300,000 to 500,000 children are working in the US agriculture industry alone.   

• From 2015 to 2022, the number of minors employed in violation of child labor laws rose by 283%. 

• Since 2021, 31 states have introduced laws to weaken child labor protections. 

Meatpacking 

Major U.S. corporations are putting children as young as 13 to work in dangerous jobs they are too young to perform and that are hazardous to their health. In the meatpacking industry, children are working hazardous conditions on cleaning crews in slaughterhouses – surrounded by dangerous machinery that can easily rip off a person’s arm.  

This is exactly the type of work children should never be exposed to – but, the largest meatpackers, JBS, Perdue, Cargill, and Tyson Foods, all have documented cases of child labor in their operations in recent years.   

Fast food restaurants 

Big fast-food companies are employing children as young as ten years old to work hours so long that it negatively impacts their education or in dangerous conditions, including manually operating deep fryers and loading trash compactors. And, there have been nearly six times as many child labor law violations in the food service industry in the last ten years. 

Major fast-food companies, including McDonald’s, Jersey Mike’s, Sonic Drive-In, Baskin-Robbins, and Chick-fil-A, have documented cases of child labor at franchises locations.  

Child Labor in Cocoa 

Child laborers in cocoa carry heavy loads, work with dangerous tools, and are exposed to hazardous agrichemicals – all of which negatively impact their health. 

Child labor takes a big toll on the health and development of children. A 2020 study on the prevalence of child labor in the West African cocoa sector found: 

• More than 40% of children interviewed reported feeling very tired or exhausted because of child labor. 

• 34% of children were in very bad pain. 

• 25% felt very sick. 

• 12% had to receive medical treatment. 

 Of the children surveyed, 50% were only 5-11 years old. 57% of the child laborers were boys and 43% were girls. 

Looking for better chocolate options?

While the major chocolate companies still have work to do to address child labor in their supply chains, many smaller brands already offer fair trade chocolate options—which means they have long-term, direct relationships with their farmers and guarantee a minimum price. Check out these brands. 

The Chemical Industry is promoting a false solution to climate change and this time it is double the trouble: driving climate change and forever chemicals.

At Green America, we’re sadly familiar with corporations offering solutions to the climate crisis that benefit their bottom line more than our health and our planet. In the 1980s, chemical manufacturers fought regulation of their ozone-depleting coolants before offering hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as more “environmentally safe” replacements. But as we now know, HFCs are a potent form of greenhouse gas and because of their use in cooling systems worldwide, they are some of the biggest drivers of climate change. 

This is why Green America is working hard to convince large grocery store chains to replace HFCs with natural refrigerants in their cooling systems. Unlike HFCs, natural refrigerants like carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia, and propane have a low environmental impact and are proven to work well in supermarkets nationwide and around the world.  

But while the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the use of HFCs, it is now attempting to weaken those rules in ways that might delay the adoption of natural refrigerants and relax restrictions on artificial ones. And the chemical industry is acting on that opportunity. 

Chemical manufacturers are pushing supermarkets to use hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) or HFO/HFC blends, rather than natural refrigerants. They claim HFOs, which do have a lower climate impact, have a lower environmental impact overall than HFCs.  

However, there’s a big catch—HFOs can break down into per- and polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS), also known as “forever chemicals,” polluting the groundwater we drink and the soil we grow our food in. They have been linked to reproductive problems, cardiovascular issues, certain types of cancer, and other medical issues. And they may also still transform into greenhouse gases contributing to climate change as well. The climate impacts of HFO/HFC blends in particular are much higher than those of natural refrigerants. 

When HFOs enter the environment, they transform into trifluoroacetate (TFA), a form of “forever chemical” that may be linked to human health impacts. Other countries have quickly responded to the potential dangers—Germany’s chemical regulator is seeking to classify TFA as “reprotoxic, meaning it can harm human reproductive function, fertility and fetal development.” And both Denmark and Germany have set limits on the amounts of TFA allowed in drinking water. 

While the full scope of TFA’s effects is still being studied, as a form of “forever chemical,” the chemical industry’s determination to promote HFOs despite the potential impacts on our health and the environment is deeply troubling. As with other “forever chemicals,” TFA is difficult to remove once it’s been introduced to the environment, and it’s currently unregulated in the U.S. on a national scale.  

Additionally, HFOs still may end up contributing to the climate crisis, despite chemical producers’ claims they are “better for the environment.”  A 2021 study by the University of New South Wales found that once in the atmosphere, some HFOs may turn into a potentially potent form of HFCs “with over 14,000 [times] the global warming power of carbon dioxide.” 

This means that Green America’s campaign urging the adoption of natural refrigerants in supermarkets’ cooling systems is an opportunity to not only reduce greenhouse gases affecting our climate but also to help avoid the proliferation of other problematic “forever chemicals” spreading through our soil and water.   

Chemical manufacturers stand to profit immensely if the HFOs they make are used in the supermarkets and grocery stores we buy our food from. Time and again, they’ve proven that we can’t trust them to do the right thing for our health and a sustainable environment on their own if they think it won’t increase their profits.  

And while the EPA had previously sought to greatly reduce our exposure to “forever chemicals” in our drinking water, the current administration is not only deliberately walking back those efforts, but they’re also relaxing a decade’s worth of reporting requirements, making it easier for companies to avoid responsibility for the “forever chemicals” their products leave behind. 

We need to demand that supermarkets and grocery stores stand with their customers and reject the false climate solutions being pushed by chemical manufacturers by using safer, natural refrigerants like CO2, ammonia, or propane. Doing so will also create more jobs in U.S. industries and for HVAC professionals, helping to grow the economy while protecting the environment. And using natural refrigerants can save grocery stores money, since these systems reduce energy use and cost over time.  

It’s not unreasonable to expect companies to better understand the potential harm their products might cause. Despite what the chemical industry may claim, it’s not “good business” to chase short-term profits at the expense of our health and our planet. 

CEPN's Toward Zero Exposure (TZE) program unites leaders in the electronics industry working to reduce worker exposure to hazardous chemicals by focusing on the elimination or substitution of priority chemicals in the electronics supply chain.

In the 4th year of the TZE program, founding Signatories Apple, Dell Technologies, HP Inc. and Fairphone have furthered their efforts to improve worker chemical safety in the following ways:

• Over 800 facilities in the Signatories’ manufacturing supply chains are estimated to have already substituted the 1st Round of Priority Chemicals.

• Well over 100,000 employees work in production in those facilities.

• More than 200 distinct supplier companies have been influenced to improve worker chemical safety by TZE Signatories.

• Signatory and program influence extends to facilities in at least 29 countries.

“We are honored to collaborate with our Founding Signatories, whose leadership and dedication have accelerated the Toward Zero Exposure program,” said Pamela Brody-Heine, Senior Director of CEPN. “They are raising the bar for chemical safety across the electronics supply chain—and helping better protect workers—and we look forward to welcoming more companies committed to this shared vision.”

Read more in the 4th Annual Toward Zero Exposure report and learn more about the Clean Electronics Production Network on the organization’s website.

About CEPN

The Clean Electronics Production Network—part of the Center for Sustainability Solutions at Green America—addresses complex workplace health and safety challenges in the electronics supply chain. The Network unites diverse stakeholders, including electronics industry brands and suppliers, labor and environmental advocates, governments, and other leading experts. In August 2021, CEPN members launched the Toward Zero Exposure program to integrate and accelerate the work being done by leaders in the electronics industry with the tools developed by the Network.

Contact: Pamela Brody-Heine

pbrody-heine@cleanelectronicsproduction.org

Washington, DC – The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) announced Thursday its approval of Verizon’s acquisition of Frontier Communications, after the telecommunications giant committed to a series of investments that align with the state’s diversity, equity and inclusion policies and laws. This is a historic win for diversity advocates and consumers who have been outspoken for months about the benefits of DEI programs for consumers, employees, and profitability. This resolution punctuates the business incentive of DEI and represents the first time a state agency has successfully held a major corporation accountable for retreating from DEI commitments and secured concrete, enforceable solutions with independent oversight. 

Verizon committed $500 million to hire small businesses through California’s small business program and established a $10 million partnership with California State University to create recruitment pipelines for underrepresented communities. CPUC will hire an independent compliance monitor to ensure the company continues to comply with these diversity, equity and inclusion commitments.  

In response, a coalition of national advocates issued the following statements:  

Nadine Smith, President and CEO of Color Of Change: 

“This announcement is a powerful reminder that when communities organize and state leaders do their jobs, corporations can be held accountable to the people they serve. A $500 million investment in diverse suppliers is not just a win for equity, but it’s also a signal that public institutions can and should demand real commitments that expand opportunity for working people and Black communities. Color Of Change has been proud to stand alongside state officials pushing for accountability, and we will continue to mobilize to ensure corporate promises translate into lasting impact.”  

Alphonso David, President and CEO of the Global Black Economic Forum: 

“This decision shows what is possible when regulators center the public interest and resist political agendas. The California Public Utilities Commission made clear that growth and consolidation cannot come at the expense of working people, low-income families, rural communities, or tribal nations. By attaching enforceable conditions around affordability, broadband access, workforce and supplier diversity, and small-business participation, California affirmed that economic opportunity and consumer protection are not competing values—they are mutually reinforcing. This is exactly the kind of accountable governance the Forum has been advocating for, and it sets an important standard for how businesses, state, and local governments can navigate the current political climate.” 

Andrew Behar, CEO of As You Sow: 

“Verizon’s shareholders applaud the California Public Utilities Commission’s decision. We have analyzed data from over 1,600 companies spanning five years and know that greater workforce diversity leads to financial outperformance.  Investors have long asked Verizon to be a leader in this area; this decision will ensure that we build a culture that attracts and retains the best and the brightest employees who can rise through the ranks based on merit without bias. We see this as an example that will raise the bar for Verizon’s competitors and for all public companies.” 

Glenn Harris, President of Race Forward: 

“At Race Forward, we have always known real change can happen when public institutions have been transformed for equity and are in partnership with community to ensure the policies of corporations and other institutions are inclusive.  We commend The California Public Utilities Commission for its win in holding a major, national corporation accountable to its stated commitment on diversity, equity, and inclusion and to federal and state law.  This win signals that progress is still possible even in the face of pushback and opposition. We work with members of our Government Alliance on Race and Equity on systemic transformation by building capacity across sectors to advance equity and justice in policies and practices so all people have the opportunity to prosper. 
 

Lisa Graves, Founder and Executive Director of True North Research: 

“This is an important win for diversity, equity, and inclusion. California has shown that states can stand up for workers and consumers and resist Trump’s efforts to undermine employees' and customers' rights. More states and companies should follow suit to show they won’t be bullied into abandoning equal opportunity.”  

Roberto Thornton, Managing Director of Investments & Impact at Adasina Social Capital:  

“Verizon’s agreement with the California Public Utilities Commission to recommit to diversity in supplier sourcing and community training —  aptly announced on Martin Luther King Jr.’s birthday — reaffirms a truth we have been amplifying at Adasina Social Capital: diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) is not just a moral imperative, but a strategic business asset. California’s response to this matter represents exactly the regulatory oversight we need nationwide. This news is a win for California, a win for Verizon, and a win for the future of DEI.” 

Dan Howells, Climate Campaigns Director of Green America: 

“The California Public Utility Commission's action shows Verizon - and companies like it - can be held accountable when they don't value the public they serve. Now instead of backtracking on diversity, equity and inclusion, Verizon will move forward with policies that benefit everyone. This sends a message to companies that want to participate in the 4th largest economy in the world: they need to respect the diversity that is the United States.”

WASHINGTON, DC — January 14, 2026 — Whole Foods Market has approved Green America's Soil & Climate Initiative (SCI) as a regenerative agriculture certification program, expanding market opportunities for farmers and suppliers committed to soil health and climate resilience. The leading natural and organic foods retailer is adding SCI, a leading nonprofit regenerative agriculture program, to its roster of approved certifications, welcoming more growers and brands into the regenerative marketplace while strengthening accountability and transparency.

SCI joins Regenerative Organic Certified, Regenified, Ecological Outcome Verification, and Certified Regenerative by AGW in Whole Foods Market’s roster of trusted certifications. Under Whole Foods Market's Regenerative Agriculture Claims Policy, SCI-verified products may make regenerative product claims and display the distinctive Soil & Climate Health Initiative Verified™ label, helping shoppers easily identify products sourced from regeneratively grown ingredients.

What sets SCI apart is how it combines deep farmer relationships with innovative technology to deliver lasting outcomes and powerful data for brands and retailers investing in regenerative supply chains. SCI works side-by-side with growers, providing hands-on agronomic support while streamlining administrative complexity through leading program equivalencies and real-time data tools. And because all products undergo third-party certification from SCS Global Services, supply chain partners and CPGs can invest with confidence, knowing the claims they’re backing are credible.

Launched in 2019 through collaboration among 150+ farmers, soil scientists, food companies, and NGOs, SCI has refined its approach across over 165 farms managing 350,000+ acres in 27 states. The program's Soil & Climate Health Commitment & Verification Standard translates on-the-ground regenerative practices into measurable, credible outcomes. Through comprehensive soil health testing, independent third-party audits, and rigorous verification, SCI ensures the integrity of the process, so consumers can trust that “regenerative” delivers real results on the land and in the products they purchase.

Adam Kotin, SCI's Managing Director, said the Whole Foods approval validates the program's approach. "We've designed a transition program that meets farmers where they are while providing clear and rigorous implementation of milestones and audits that meet the true third-party certification standards that retailers and consumers expect," he explained. "Our commitment to program equivalency and use of technology streamlines the processes for farmers and supply chains, making it more cost effective and efficient for program participants. That flexibility is absolutely critical for farmer adoption, and farmer adoption is how we create real impact and scalability across the supply chain."

John Strohfus, Founder & CEO of Field Theory Foods and an SCI-verified farmer managing 1,000 acres in Minnesota, has helped build regenerative supply chains for brands such as PACHA, Seven Sundays, and Simple Mills. He describes SCI as “the most approachable regenerative certification available today.” Having worked with multiple programs, Strohfus noted that SCI “meets you where you are, measuring on-farm progress rather than imposing prescriptive requirements with steep initial barriers to entry. The Whole Foods Market approval opens premium market access for our farm, as well as the growers and brand customers Field Theory works with. It’s uplifting that they recognize the work SCI does every day, working in partnership with farmers doing real work to improve soil health and create these regenerative supply chains.”

Ann Marie Hourigan, Quality Standards Principal Advisor for Agricultural Programs at Whole Foods Market, welcomed the addition, “We are delighted to recognize the Soil & Climate Initiative as a rigorous third-party verification that supports Whole Foods Market's commitment to regenerative agriculture. SCI's holistic program provides consumers with the confidence that regenerative claims are backed by tangible improvements on the land.”

Products using SCI-verified ingredients can carry the Soil & Climate Health Initiative Verified™ label on packaging at Whole Foods Market stores, joining brands like PACHA and Root Chips already on shelves.

Brands, suppliers, and farmers interested in enrollment can contact SCI here: www.soilclimateinitiative.org

ABOUT SOIL & CLIMATE INITIATIVE

Soil & Climate Initiative (SCI) is a nonprofit originally launched in 2018 (formerly the Soil Carbon Initiative) in collaboration with farms, companies, NGOs, and soil scientists. Its mission is to accelerate the transition of agricultural acres under regenerative management by supporting and engaging every link in the supply chain. SCI offers a holistic suite of regenerative transition services, such as farm planning and agronomic support, soil testing, supply chain engagement, reporting, and third-party verification. These efforts help drive measurable improvements in soil health outcomes, carbon sequestration, biodiversity, water quality, climate resilience, food security, farm profitability, and the overall well-being of rural communities. Alongside its sister programs—the Soil & Climate Alliance and the Nutrient Density Initiative—SCI is helping build an ecosystem that scales soil health, climate resilience, and nutrition from the ground up. www.soilclimateinitiative.org

ABOUT SCS GLOBAL SERVICES

SCS Global Services is an international leader in third-party environmental and sustainability verification, certification, auditing, and standards development. Its programs span a cross-section of industries, recognizing achievements in climate mitigation, green building, product manufacturing, food and agriculture, forestry, consumer products, and more. Headquartered in Emeryville, California, SCS has representatives and affiliate offices throughout the Americas, Asia/Pacific, Europe, and Africa. Its broad network of auditors are experts in their fields, and the company is a trusted partner to companies, agencies, and advocacy organizations due to its dedication to quality and professionalism. SCS is a California-chartered Benefit Corporation, reflecting its commitment to socially and environmentally responsible business practices. SCS is also a Participant of the United Nations Global Compact and adheres to its principles-based approach to responsible business.  www.scsglobalservices.com

ABOUT FIELD THEORY

Field Theory is helping redefine how brands and consumers think about ingredients—and the food system as a whole. They specialize in connecting brands with supply chain transparency and are charting a new path forward within food and agriculture. Starting with soil health, crop diversity, and regenerative growing practices, they are pioneering both bulk ingredients and consumer packaged goods. Field Theory has built a trusted network of regenerative agriculture–focused growers for many crops, including sunflowers, buckwheat, oats, Kernza®, and more. As an industry leader in regenerative farming, Field Theory is proud to bring some of the first-ever verified regenerative products to market through the Soil & Climate Initiative program. www.fieldtheoryfoods.com

ABOUT WHOLE FOODS MARKET

Founded in 1980, Austin-based Whole Foods Market is the world’s leading natural and organic foods retailer and the first certified organic national grocer in the United States. Part of Amazon’s Worldwide Grocery Stores, Whole Foods Market serves customers in more than 545 stores across the U.S., Canada, and the U.K. www.wholefoodsmarket.com

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MEDIA CONTACTS

Soil & Climate Initiative 
Max Karlin 
703-276-3255 
mkarlin@hastingsgroupmedia.com

Major beer companies, including Anheuser-Busch, are using harmful pesticides like glyphosate and 2,4-D in their barley and hops. These chemicals threaten human health, devastate pollinator populations, and contaminate our water systems.

The Problem: Fossil Fuels & Soil Degradation

From the energy-intensive production of chemical farming inputs to agricultural methods that reduce the soil's natural ability to store carbon, our modern food system degrades local environments and contributes greatly to global climate change.

Industrial agriculture uses immense amounts of fossil fuels. For example, fertilizer in manufacture in the year 2000 was equivalent to 191 billion liters [50.5 billion gallons] of diesel, which is projected to rise to 277 billion liters [73.2 billion gallons] in 2030. This energy is being used to produce a farm input that can be generated naturally on farms, without carbon emissions.

Industrial agriculture emits powerful greenhouse gases, degrades soil, and reduces the soil's natural ability to absorb atmospheric carbon and convert it to soil carbon. In the soil, carbon provides the essential building blogs for crops and a complex community of beneficial microorganisms. Many modern farming methods poison, expose, and exhaust these delicate soil communities that have played a valuable role in balancing our atmosphere since the early evolution of terrestrial life. 

The Solution: Organic & Regenerative Agricultural Practices

With the adoption of organic and regenerative agricultural practices, food and farming systems can transition from being pollution emitters to important stakeholders in carbon sequestration and part of the solution towards reversing climate change. 

Modern organic farming produces crop yields similar to conventional agriculture but avoids the use of synthetic chemical inputs, genetically modified organisms, and antibiotics, while choosing management practices that support biodiversity, soil fertility, and human and environmental health. The market for organic products is growing rapidly, as is the acreage being dedicated to this type of agriculture. For concerns around climate change, this means fewer energy-intensive chemicals and emissions.

Regenerative agriculture is a type of organic agriculture that focuses on creating and maintaining healthy soils that absorb and store carbon. Here's where the conversation turns from slowing greenhouse gas emissions to actually removing these gases from the air.

Regenerative agriculture operations on the premise that high concentrations of carbon in the atmosphere have negative global effects, but that this carbon is a much needed and limited nutrient in the soil, especially after years of depletion under industrial farming methods. Organic and regenerative management practices that encourage soil health and carbon storage include crop rotation and cover cropping, composting, mulching, and low/no till farming methods that allow microorganisms to absorb and convert carbon. Adoption of these methods will reduce the food system's contributions to climate change.

"Modern organic, regenerative agriculture has the potential to sequester enormous amounts of carbon."
 

If 10,000 medium-sized US farms converted to regenerative, organic farming, the emissions reduction would be equivalent to removing over one million cars from the road. If all US croplands became organic, soil carbon storage would increase by 367 million tons and would cut nitrogen oxide emissions (often from synthetic fertilizers) dramatically.

Research from the Rodale Institute demonstrates that if organic, regenerative agriculture was adopted globally, climate change could be reversed. To show how powerful regenerative, organic agriculture could be as a climate change solution, the Institute created a global model based on 100 percent transition to this type of agriculture. Using emission rates from 2012, they found that the world's farmlands could have sequestered 111 percent emissions that year.

This potential to combat one of the most pressing global issues of our time, alongside many other environmental and social benefits, highlights the need for widespread adoption of organic and regenerative agriculture.

We’re calling on The Children’s Place, Carter’s, and H&M to take the next step in sustainability by committing to reduce their use of polyester.

We got Comcast to make progress on its use of clean energy! Thanks to over 8,800 Green Americans demanding Comcast increase its use of renewable energy, the company has listened to us and made this big progress on clean energy. 

Comcast is one of the largest communications companies in the US.  It owns Universal and NBC -- giving it a huge climate footprint.  A large portion of its climate emissions come from its electricity use. Comcast uses millions of megawatts of energy each year to power servers, buildings, and amusement parks. 

We profiled Comcast in our Clean and Just Energy is Calling Report and scorecard and shared these results with company executives, hosted a petition to the company signed by 8,815 people, reached out to their board, raised the issue of their energy use at their annual general meeting of shareowners, and promoted social media posts and videos to encourage the company to move forward on clean energy. 

Comcast’s move to clean energy follows successful campaigns by Green America that got Amazon, T-Mobile, and Verizon to commit to 100% renewable energy. 

Comcast’s electric energy usage accounts for 72% of the company’s scope 1 and 2 climate emissions (scope 1 emissions are those directly produced by a company, such as fuel burned in company vehicles, and scope 2 emissions are those that are purchased, like electricity).  Comcast’s total emissions from electricity resulted in 1.15 million mtCO2e in 2023, the equivalent to nearly 270,000 cars on the road for a year. So getting the company to move forward on clean energy has a big impact. 

Comcast’s definition of clean energy includes large-scale hydropower and nuclear.  These are not renewable sources of energy, and each has significant downsides.  That’s why we’re urging Comcast to adopt a goal of 100% renewable energy by 2030, and ensure these purchases ensure energy justice, as an important step in reducing the company’s climate footprint in line with the progress we need on climate change to keep overall temperature increases to less than 1.5 degrees C.  

Green America is building on our climate success of moving the entire telecoms industry to clean energy by taking on one of the largest climate polluters: refrigerator gases.

We and our supporters are getting major supermarket chains to deal with their polluting refrigerants, and Walmart, Trader Joe’s, and Kroger are all making progress as a result. But now, Trump's EPA has proposed new rules attempting to stall this progress. So, Green America is pushing back and submitted the following comments:

November 17, 2025 

Administrator Lee Zeldin 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 

RE: Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2025-0005 

Via: Regulations.gov 

Dear Administrator Zeldin, 

Green America is a national nonprofit organization working with consumers, businesses, and investors to create a green economy.  We have 250,000 individual members and 500 business members nationwide. 

Green America is writing in opposition to the EPA’s proposed rule: Phasedown of Hydrofluorocarbons: Reconsideration of Certain Regulatory Requirements Promulgated Under the Technology Transitions Provisions of the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act of 2020 (EPA-HQ-OAR-2025-0005). The proposed rule will create unnecessary delays in phasing out climate warming refrigerants and harm American innovation and job creation that is being created by the current implementation of the AIM Act. 

In the retail sector, changing the January 1, 2027, GWP limit on retail refrigeration equipment to 1400, from its original limit of 150 or 300, depending on charge size and equipment configuration, and delaying the enforcement of stricter limits to January 1, 2032, will dramatically increase climate emissions from refrigeration and increase the risk that stores will adopt refrigerants that produce PFAS substances.  Furthermore, the delay is unnecessary in light of transition efforts underway by retailers and will disrupt plans that are in place by US manufacturers and HVAC companies to scale up production of natural, ultra-low GWP refrigerants, equipment, and services in time to meet the deadlines of the original rule.   

Green America works to encourage the supermarket sector to transition to ultra-low natural GWP refrigerants to reduce the sector’s substantial climate footprint and create U.S. jobs in the transition to these refrigerants. As you know, climate change is already creating a detrimental impact in the U.S. resulting in catastrophic fires, storms, hurricanes, droughts, and rising sea levels. And the growing impacts of climate change, including the number of storms, each causing over a billion dollars of damage, are causing increasing economic harm to business, investors, and consumers.  

The need for the AIM act and EPA regulations to phase down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) is clear. For example, a typical supermarket consumes 4,000 pounds of refrigerants each year with a quarter leaking out due to faulty systems. 

Refrigerant leaks from US supermarkets emit 45 million metric tons of greenhouse gases every year (the equivalent of 9.5 million cars on the road).  

Green America urges supermarkets to address the climate impact of refrigerants by:  

• Using only HFC-free, natural refrigerant systems in all new locations; 

• Releasing concrete timelines to phase out HFCs from all facilities by 2030;  

• Rapidly repairing refrigerant leaks and publishing annual leak rates; 

• And ensuring responsible refrigerant disposal to reduce emissions.   

In addition to their strong environmental benefits, utilizing natural, ultra-low GWP refrigerants provide cost savings, including significantly reduced operating costs through higher energy efficiency.  National and local supermarkets are successfully adopting natural, ultra-low GWP natural refrigerants as a result. 

ALDI US announced in 2024 that all its stores will use natural refrigerants in refrigeration systems by 2035.  While this was the first such commitment for a major U.S. supermarket chain, other large grocery chains have made progress in transitioning to natural and low-GWP refrigerants: 

• Walmart – announced a phaseout of all HFCs by 2040. 

• Trader Joe’s -- announced in 2023 that all its new stores will use CO2 refrigerants. 

• Kroger – announced in 2024 that, starting in 2025, all its new stores will use CO2 refrigerants.  

In addition, many local grocery stores and regional chains have made progress in adopting ultra-low GWP refrigerants: 

• DeCicco & Sons: This small, family-owned New York-based grocer installed its first HFC-free system using CO2 in 2016 and has since expanded the technology to other locations, noting significant energy cost savings 

• Midwest chain Coborn’s installed new sustainable refrigeration systems in two of its locations, which will lower the electricity consumption and CO₂ emissions at the two stores by 3 million kWh and 934 tonnes, respectively. Together, the new refrigeration systems will save roughly 1,160 tonnes of CO₂ emissions 

• Healthy Living Market & Café: This Northeast-based company has incorporated CO2 refrigeration systems in its newer stores to significantly reduce its carbon footprint. CO2 refrigerant systems and other efficiency upgrades are expected to save $86,400 per year in electricity costs.  

• Sprouts Farmers Market:  piloted sustainable technology in its stores, including a Woodstock, GA, location that features a CO2 ejection refrigeration system.  In 2024 the company transitioned 32 stores to refrigeration systems with lower global warming potential (GWP). 

Additional small grocery chains taking action to lower their climate footprint from refrigerants include:  

• Ralph’s Supermercado y Mayorista in Puerto Rico;  

• Raley’s, Stater Bros. Market, and Erewhon in California;  

• PCC Community Markets in Oregon;  

• Kwik Trip and Caputo’s in Minnesota;  

• Weis Markets in Pennsylvania;

• Cingari Family Markets' ShopRite stores in Connecticut ;

• Big Y Foods in Massachusetts 

The Food Industry Association and the National Grocers Association are ignoring this progress and have voiced their support for the EPA’s new rulemaking to reconsider the Technology Transitions Rule, claiming that the current regulations place an undue burden on grocery stores, and in particular smaller stores. 

Furthermore, industry trade groups allege that CO2 (R-744), ammonia, and other low- or ultra-low GWP systems present significant drawbacks.  Per the EPA: “These food retailers asserted that R-744 technologies in their current state expend a significant amount of energy to function at a cooling level comparable to commonly used HFCs.”  Also, these trade groups allege “that such technologies are unreliable, that leaks are difficult to detect and repair, and that such leaks can be catastrophic to the system's performance.” 

However, the examples above demonstrate that large supermarket chains, smaller regional chains, and independent grocers are all successfully making the transition to ultra-low GWP systems, with many of these grocery chains using CO2 systems, and that these energy efficient systems result in cost savings over time, including lower energy bills. The adoption of CO2 and other natural refrigerants also avoid a significant drawback of HFOs (Hydrofluoroolefins) as a replacement for, or addition to, HFCS.  While HFOs have a lower climate footprint than HFCs, HFOs can ultimately create PFAS substances, also known as “forever chemicals,” that can pollute groundwater, and ultimately impact human health. 

Research demonstrates that CO2 systems can use significantly less energy than HFC systems and that these CO2 systems, with their high heat transfer properties, are ideal for systems with long pipe runs, such as grocery stores. 

The ability to transition to natural refrigerants in grocery stores is also made clear by the evidence from Europe where 90,700 food retail stores are using transcritical CO2 systems (as of December 2024), representing a market penetration of 30%, up from 22.9% in 2023.  

There is also growth in North America, where transcritical CO2 installations increased by 40% from 2023 to 2024.  There, a total of 4,100 stores using such systems in 2024, with 2,800 in the US. This growth may now be slowed if the EPA reconsiders the timeline for adoption of non-HFC systems. 

In regard to concerns raised that “that future regulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) could require retailers to change systems again from certain compliant fluorinated refrigerants to others,” the simple solution for retailers is to transition directly to natural refrigerant systems that do not produce PFAS substances. Significantly, the EPA’s proposal to change the January 1, 2027, GWP limit on retail refrigeration equipment to 1400, from its original limit of 150 or 300, would allow for the installation of HFC/HFO blends that have a GWP of up to 1400.  While these blends have a lower climate footprint than HFCs alone, these refrigerants are not a true climate solution as compared to natural refrigerants with ultra-low GWP that are available and being installed nationwide. As noted above, HFOs can lead to the production of PFAS substances that pose a significant public health risk. 

The AIM Act was passed with broad bipartisan support.  It was also passed with strong industry support, including support from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, the American Chemistry Council, and the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI). The AIM Act received such strong support because it is developing climate-friendly HFC alternatives, creating jobs, and ensuring U.S. competitiveness in the global market. The current EPA implementation of the Act is fully in line with this bipartisan mandate. 

The AIM act and EPA implementation of the Act are succeeding as intended, and there is no reason for the EPA to reconsider regulatory requirements at this time.  

Thank you for your consideration of these comments. 

Sincerely,  

Todd Larsen, Executive Co-Director 

Dan Howells, Climate Campaigns Director 

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Whether it’s diet and exercise, getting up earlier, or saving money, the best results come when you make an intentional commitment – if only to yourself.

The same is true with aligning your money with your values. It’s all too easy to tell yourself, “I’ll look for a better bank later” or “I’ll apply for a new credit card tomorrow.”

We get it: Life is busy, and unless something must be done now, it often doesn’t get done. Making a commitment can help change that. Sign one or more of our pledges today to align your money with your values in banking, credit cards, insurance, and investing.

Pledge to switch to a better bank or credit union

Pledge to take charge of your credit card

Pledge to move to climate smart insurance

Pledge to move your investments (Coming Soon)

Back to the Action Center

For many of us, it's easier to commit to exercise when you do it with others who can both encourage you and hold you accountable. The same is true for moving your money.  

If you want to align your money with your values in banking, credit cards, insurance, and investing, you don’t have to go it alone.  

Green America, together with GreenFaith and Third Act, has created a 12-part curriculum that will walk groups through aligning their money with their values one step at a time – together.  

Your first step is to form a cohort of people interested in moving their money. Start with your church, synagogue or mosque, or with a nonprofit or club you participate in – or with friends and family.  

Gather a group of at least four people (including yourself) and fill out our Join a Cohort form. We will get back to you with our curriculum, resources, and personalized advice to get you started.  

>>FORM A COHORT<<

Our curriculum includes 12 sessions in four units on banking, credit cards, insurance and investing, as well as introductory, closing, and work sessions. The Facilitator’s Guide will walk you through each session step by step, with resources including slide decks and links to further information.  

Each session begins with a grounding and objectives, includes a short presentation, has plenty of room for interactive discussion, and closes with homework for you to bring to the next session. All sessions are designed for participants who have little to no background in finance.  

Session 1: Introduction 

Sessions 2-3: Banks 

Sessions 4-5:  Credit Cards 

Sessions 6-7: Insurance   

Sessions 8, 9, 10: Investments 

Session 11: Work Session (optional) 

Session12: Closing and Next Steps 

Ready to get started?  Fill out our Join a Cohort form today.  

Back to the Action Center

It’s no secret that the “most wonderful time of the year” leaves behind massive piles of trash.

It is estimated that waste in the U.S. increases more than 25% between Thanksgiving and New Year’s Day—that’s over 60,000 garbage trucks filled with wrapping paper, decorations, and unwanted gifts every holiday season.

Green America will help you enjoy sugarplum dreams instead of suffering sustainability dilemmas! Below are our tips for how to have a sustainable and green holiday, including what to use and not use, and proper disposal of these items after the celebrations end.

Wrapping Paper

You can still have the exciting element of surprise by wrapping gifts with sustainable wrap! The easiest way to ease your holiday waste guilt is by using alternative wrapping:

• Scarves or fabric you have around the house (I’ve used the same fabric on my family’s gifts for the past 5 years and have had no complaints about being a “gift-wrap repeater”).
• Reusable bags or tins.
• Old calendars, newspaper, or maps.
• Brown paper bags from grocery shopping decorated with drawings. (Do not use glitter or epoxy and vinyl stickers, it makes it unrecyclable!)

If the festive wrapping paper is your favorite part of the holiday season, there are still better choices available so you can lessen its environmental impact:

Look for a label signaling recycled content was used to make the paper (not just a simple recycle symbol, which can simply mean the paper is recyclable after use).

When disposing of your wrapping paper, be cautious of the type of paper you used. The widely-available shiny giftwrap is usually NOT recyclable. Wrapping paper is often made with foil or a plastic coating, making it unfit to recycle into new paper. You can call your local recycling hauler to determine if they do handle traditional wrapping paper, or simply use one of the alternative options above.

As for tissue paper, this thin material is not often recyclable in most communities, since most of it is made out of recycled paper and the fibers are too short. You can reuse in another gift, or you can compost tissue paper that does not have glitter or other additions to it. If your town has a composting program, check there first.

Gift & Food Packaging

When buying gifts try to find gifts made out of recycled materials and without excessive packaging. Check out the Green Business Network Member Directory for hundreds of U.S. businesses that have been certified as environmentally and socially responsible. 

When recycling plastic packaging, check for the number within the recycle symbol, this is a clue as to the kind of plastic you have and if it is recyclable in your area.

Recycling Rules by Zipcode >>>

Meal essentials: If you are entertaining a lot of guests for meals throughout the holiday season, and are short on plates and utensils, it might be tempting to use disposable cutlery and plates. Instead, consider buying inexpensive plates and utensils from a thrift store for the meals and then donate to a local community center after (or store them until your next large event). You can also simply ask your guests, “BYOP” (bring your own plate). If you do use disposable plates and cups, look for items that are made with recycled materials.

Unfortunately, paper plates, cups, and plastic cutlery are NOT recyclable after you’ve used them.

Another disposable option is to use compostable plates and cups, but only opt for this if you have access to a composting program. Compostable materials need a certain amount of airflow to allow them to successfully compost, which will not happen in a landfill.

Festive Decor

Tree selection and disposal: If you celebrate a holiday with a decorated tree, there are several options for you to have a tree in a sustainable way. To properly dispose of a live, cut tree, you can compost in your own backyard or find local opportunities in your town to recycle and compost your fir friend.

If you are trying to dispose of an artificial tree, please do not place in your recycling bin, and instead check with local charities, shelters, schools, and churches to see if they could reuse your old artificial tree.

Twinkle lights are a fun way to brighten up the winter holiday months. Unfortunately, these lights are one of the most common items that people try to recycle but they are NOT recyclable through your curbside bin.

Please do not contaminate your recycling with these lights and instead drop them off at a hardware store like Lowe's, Home Depot, and Ace Hardware. If you live on the east coast, MOM's Organic Market has drop off bins for hard-to-recycle items, like holiday lights.

Tinsel is not recyclable. Use this sparkly decor as long as you can until you send it to the landfill. Or, you can opt for going all-natural with decorations of wreaths, mistletoe, pinecones etc. Just make sure to remove any added sparkle and bows before you put these outside to decompose or compost.

Hanukkah tapers made with beeswax are much better for indoor air quality than paraffin candles, which are made from petroleum. Natural beeswax tapers don't release harmful chemicals in the air, have a lower melting point than paraffin candles (reducing fire risk), and are less likely to aggravate allergies than paraffin.

From Green America to you: May your holidays be happy, green, and sustainable!

Updated November 2025.

Single-use items like water bottles, toiletries, and snacks meant to last the duration of your trip often result in more packaging, and thus, more plastic. And it can be harder to keep sustainable habits when you’re not at home and outside your routines. But with a little forethought and effort, it’s possible to travel without plastic—try these tips!

Instead of taking to-go coffees in disposable cups, bring your own cup to the café. Baristas are usually happy to put your drink in your cup.

Grab-and-go snacks are very convenient but result in more packaging. Plane food is a powerful example—every person on the plane gets one individually wrapped cookie or savory cracker and a plastic cup. You can always opt out and bring your own snacks and drinks instead—yes, it is allowed! TSA will not confiscate your snacks, but liquids must still adhere to the 3-1-1 rule for carry-on luggage. And once you’ve passed through airport security with your empty reusable water bottle, you can refill it before your flight.

Plastic water bottles are stocked everywhere, but have you ever considered how strange it is to buy a resource that is often available for free? If you are traveling domestically in the U.S., bring your own refillable water bottle to avoid single-use plastic and fill it up at fountains, cafes, and restaurants; it’s worth noting that in many other countries, single-use water bottles are also made from glass and aluminum, which are recyclable. Editor’s Note: If you’re traveling internationally, the tap water of the country you are visiting may harbor bacteria and pathogens—ultimately making filtered water in single use bottles the only safe water to drink. In cases like this, please prioritize your health and safety.

Travel-size toiletries are another plastic culprit during travel. These are easy to switch out, however; refillable containers are widely available. Transfer your regular products into these containers.

Try to dine in at restaurants instead of eating to-go food. Not only is this a more tailored and immersive experience than a to-go counter, but you will also avoid disposable containers by using the restaurant’s ceramic plates and cutlery. You can also bring your own containers for leftovers.

If you are able, choose accommodations that have sustainability policies—and let them know those policies are why you’re there. Hotels are one of the biggest culprits of single-use goods, so choosing accommodations that have policies to reduce waste is an important action. Some hotels will take leftover soap and reheat and remold them into new bars. Others will wash sheets and towels only when requested to save on water.

When it comes to reducing single-use plastic, every action matters!

It’s been encouraging to see efforts at pressuring corporations, including supermarkets, to move away from climate-destroying hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants (HFCs) gain traction. For instance, Green America’s “Cool It for Climate” campaign has successfully lobbied grocery giants Trader Joe’s and Kroger into using only natural refrigerants in all their new stores. Others like ALDI have been ahead of the curve by using natural refrigerants for years.

But rather than follow their lead in embracing natural refrigerants for use in cooling systems, the chemical industry continues to protect its profits at the expense of communities and the planet.

Instead of natural refrigerants, chemical producers are trying to push corporations to adopt usage of Hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) in cooling systems, claiming that HFOs have a lower Global Warming Potential than HFCs. But, in some cases, companies are combining HFOs and HFCs—which results in refrigerants that still have a significant climate impact (up to 1,400 times that of CO2), although lower than HFCs alone. And while alternative refrigerants like CO2 and ammonia are naturally abundant, the chemical industry is quick to say that these alternatives are still extracted and refined through industrial processes that consume a lot of energy and contribute to climate impacting emissions, although the overall impacts are far lower than those of HFOs.

What chemical producers are not so quick to point out is how much more they stand to profit if consumers rely on their artificial patented products rather than naturally occurring refrigerants. More critically, unlike natural refrigerants, once HFOs enter the environment, they break down into Trifluoracetic acid and then trifluoroacetate (TFA), a forever chemical (of the PFAS family) linked to human health impacts.

“We need real solutions to climate change,” says Dan Howells, Green America’s Climate Campaigns Director. “Not more false promises from industry. We need climate solutions, not more problems with PFAS and HFOs for already hurting communities.”

In July 2025, the clean cooling energy accelerator group ATMOsphere released their report “The Rising Threat of HFOs and TFA to Health and the Environment” as part of an ongoing campaign to highlight concerns about the environmental and health impacts of HFOs. According to ATMOsphere’s Head of Content Michael Garry, it’s important to consider the long-term impact of the refrigerants we use in our cooling systems not just in terms of how they’re produced, but also how they react once released into the environment.

“The problem is that the most prevalent and smallest forms of PFAS, like TFAs, accumulate fast because they don’t break down and they’re difficult to remove,” Garry says. “The speed at which we can hit the planetary boundary threat is alarming.”

Advocates like Garry point out that while the U.S. currently has no regulations for HFOs, other countries
are already moving quickly to halt unrestricted HFOs use, implement safeguards, and conduct regular studies to evaluate the ongoing impact of TFAs accumulation in the environment and increasingly, in our own bodies. For example, Germany’s chemical regulator is seeking to classify TFAs as “reprotoxic, meaning it can harm human reproductive function, fertility and fetal development.” 

Additionally, at an ATMOsphere America Impact of HFOs Session in 2024, Garry noted in a 2022 study, “stream levels of toxic TFAs were found to have increased six-fold between 1998 to 2021 in parts of northern California and remote sites in Alaska.”

It wasn’t that long ago that the same companies pushing HFOs were claiming HFCs had little impact on the environment, despite evidence that they were a major climate pollutant. Repeatedly, chemical companies have shown that trusting the industry to regulate itself is a losing bet—corporations have not learned to value the well-being of people and the planet more than their profits. Their current shift away from HFCs is a direct result of people using our collective power to demand corporate accountability and federal regulations, not a change in corporate consciousness.

All the while, the speed at which TFAs are building up in our world is increasing. Not only is our warming planet putting additional stress on existing systems to keep our food preserved, our machinery working, and our living and working spaces habitable, the proliferation of data centers to handle more cloud storage and AI processing means an even greater demand for refrigerants in cooling systems to keep those centers running. And we’re facing even greater pressure under an administration that favors unfettered industry and is downright hostile to any form of federal oversight and monitoring.

All of this means that the ways we currently use HFOs matter to our daily lives whether we feel the immediate effects or not. Garry stresses that the need for greater caution around HFOs isn’t about fear—it’s about acknowledging the very simple fact that because forever chemical byproducts of HFOs build up very quickly, their negative impacts can start affecting us faster than we can mitigate them.

“Regulation of HFOs is vital because we need to be able to respond as soon as we know a problem is blooming,” Garry says.

This makes campaigns like Green America’s “Cool It for Climate” that pressure companies to go straight to natural refrigerants instead of soft-switching from HFCs to HFOs even more important. Using natural refrigerants in cooling systems is a solution that helps prevent any potential harms of HFOs from accumulating before we have a full understanding of the ways they’ll affect our bodies and our environment.
“It’s not a question of where we are now but where we will be in 10 years if it stays business as usual,” Garry says.

By demanding that companies adopt the use of natural refrigerants instead of products like HFOs that dump more forever chemicals into the environment, we can ensure that “business as usual” means being proactive about preventing harm to people and our planet instead of scrambling to catch up once harm has been done to everything but corporate profits.