By the time you read this, Americans will be only a few months away from electing their next president and the global community will have witnessed an unprecedented year. From a volatile and narrowly diffused nuclear conflict with Iran, to rampant fires in Australia, 2020 has delivered headline after headline that would be considered sensational if they weren’t true.

But the most globally important story to date is the novel coronavirus, which escalated into a historic global pandemic. Like the 2020 presidential election, the coronavirus pandemic is an unfolding story destined to shape our immediate future and for us at Green America, it’s safe to say that it has only heightened our sense of urgency.

While Green America focuses primarily on voting with our dollars, we know we need all Americans to vote in the electoral process too, and at every opportunity so that we can elect the courageous leadership we need in our national and local government. That’s why we talked to organizations involved in voter advocacy to find out how they’re getting people pumped for November third.

A YES Vote for the Climate

Since announcing his intention to withdraw from the Paris Agreement as one of his first acts in office, President
Trump has rolled back over 100 environmental laws including the landmark 1970 National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) which reviews corporations’ environmental impacts, including projected greenhouse gas emissions. On March 26, amid the pandemic, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also suspended penalties against pollution violators, effectively giving companies the green light to pollute as much as they want.

These decisions spell disaster not only for the planet’s lands, seas, and atmosphere, but for humanity itself. Although 97 percent of climate scientists agree that human activities are fueling the climate crisis, the US still lacks aggressive, emission-reducing policies that would force corporations to stop doing business as usual.

Deregulations are likely to increase the disproportionate exposure of lower-income communities and people of color to air pollution as they are twice as likely as white Americans to live near an industrial facility, according to a 2015 report by
the Center for Effective Government.

“Doing something about climate change and environmental injustice really depends on following the science and listening to experts in the field and the administration’s engagement with the public about the impact of rollbacks like NEPA is almost nonexistent,” says Mark Antoniewicz, director of communication at Hip Hop Caucus.

Studies from the Pew Research Center show that in 2016, broad dislike for both candidates was a major contributing factor to low voter turn-out among registered voters. At the same time, Pew’s data shows that as of July 2019, millennials became the most populous generation group, meaning people ages 23-38 could flex significant political power in 2020.

But how do we engage groups with historically significant voting power but aren’t always prioritized during critical times of campaign outreach?

Powered by Music: Hip Hop Caucus’s Voting Movement

Hip Hop Caucus has a history of organizing and empowering people to vote. In 2004, the organization’s co-founder Rev. Lennox Yearwood partnered with music industry magnate Sean Combs’s “Vote or Die” campaign and in 2008, Hip Hop Caucus’s own “Respect My Vote” campaign broke a world record by registering 30,000 voters in a single day. In another crucial election year, Hip Hop Caucus has revived this campaign and it’s replete with luminaries in hip hop music.

“There was a time when hip hop music was perceived by some as being too ‘out there’ and not serious enough but now those tables have turned,” says Antoniewicz. “Now hip hop is everywhere and people are eager to utilize it, from congressional members to different presidents.”

Entertainers like radio personality Charlamagne tha God [sic], actress Keke Palmer, and rapper Vic Mensa have signed on to be 2020 “Respect My Vote” spokespeople.

Visitors to RespectMyVote.org can register to vote and find voting information for their state including what types of identification voters will need at the booth and guidelines for previously incarcerated people.

These efforts targeted to Black and Brown communities are essential to getting Washington to meaningfully address the issues that disproportionately affect these groups, such as environmental injustice and unfair labor. In many ways, COVID-19, like climate change, has exposed the ways a global, existential threat intensifies disparities that already exist. In April 2020, alarming reports emerged about the rates of COVID-19 deaths in Black communities. For instance, in Chicago, African Americans make up 30 percent of the population, but 70 percent of all COVID-19 deaths; in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, a notoriously segregated city, African Americans account for 27 percent of the population, but approximately 50 percent of COVID-19 deaths, according to data from Milwaukee county.

In April, Wisconsin’s primary election proved the availability of mail-in ballots as a voter suppression issue. In spite of Milwaukee being Wisconsin’s largest city and having over 1,500 reported coronavirus cases, according to The Guardian, it closed most of its polling places due to a lack of available workers, which left only five precincts open. Voting day resulted in masses of people turning out to vote in cramped conditions that may have further spread the virus.

Fair Fight, led by Georgia politician Stacey Abrams, is one of the organizations calling out these covert forms of voter suppression. Fair Fight, the American Civil Liberties Union, and the Brennan Center for Justice are leading campaigns to reform practices that disproportionately disenfranchise people of color from the process like discriminatory identification standards to early and absentee voting.

Kids Step Up

Today, some of the most influential activists are still in school and some aren’t even to voting age yet. Jamie Margolin is the 18-year-old co-founder of Zero Hour, a nonprofit with a mission to center diverse voices of youth in the climate change and justice conversations. Jonah Gottlieb is the 17-year-old co-founder of the National Children’s campaign, a non-partisan organization focused on making children a priority in political agendas and engaging youth in the civic process. Together, they’re leading “#Vote4OurFuture,” a campaign focused on increasing voter turn-out among first-time voters and empowering climate- and environmental justice-oriented voters.

Zero Hour will kick off the campaign by asking followers to share videos about why they’re excited to vote in 2020 using #Vote4OurFuture. It intended to go on a bus tour to cities experiencing widespread environmental injustices like Philadelphia, Milwaukee, and Flint to help local organizers register people to vote.

“These cities were chosen because we want to reach communities that national organizations often don’t go to but also because these are communities are already doing great work,” says Margolin. “We’re there to help bring national attention, not to be saviors.”

The tour was postponed because of the COVID-19 pandemic.

At the National Children’s campaign, Jonah Gottlieb says he’s looking forward to helping people realize their political power.

“One of the things that I think sets our organization apart is that we give trainings on how to write legislation, work with members of Congress to edit it, and bring it to the floors of the House and the Senate,” says Gottlieb. “We want to show people that you don’t need a lobbyist to impact your government.” Antoniewicz, Margolin, and Gottlieb say their organizations are working to communicate the power of the whole civic process, not just the presidential election.

“It’s exciting to be coming of age politically and when we’ve seen such a resurgence in youth activism. I don’t really know any other ‘political normal’ because I was in eighth grade when Donald Trump started running for president,” says Gottlieb. “For me and many others in this movement, we understand that we need massive mobilization at every level against these forces that are fighting against our right to have a livable future and planet.”

When we started working on this issue, it was with the November election in mind. In February, no one knew the Green American team would spend most of our spring days separated and working from home. The intent of developing this feature for our summer issue was to make sure that environmental justice issues was top-of-mind as people headed to legislators’ town halls and to the polls in the summer and fall.

Then came COVID-19. The pandemic quickly revealed itself as an environmental justice issue. Then on March 26, the stories we planned became more relevant than ever when the Environmental Protection Agency issued a pass to polluters. The EPA stated it would not penalize companies that break environmental laws—as long as the companies claim the pandemic as the reason. This will affect not just businesses, but people. Communities like those in University Park, Los Angeles, and Native people in North Dakota are pushing back against dirty energy in their backyards. They will only face a tougher fight without any support from EPA regulation.

Meanwhile, other groups, like Soul Fire Farm and Rise and Root Farm, have already been fighting some of the injustices that create deadly health outcomes for the people in their communities. And now these same injustices mean a higher infection and death rate for people of color with COVID-19.

These stories, though about people in precarious circumstances, give me great hope. These warriors press forward no matter what—they won’t give up the fight for their communities as they take on the climate crisis.

As we publish this issue, we are all still in work-from-home mode with the editorial team spread across five states. Come November, we will have an election, and it’s clearer than ever that we must fight for and beside those who stand for environmental justice. And we must vote for those who cannot. Like Lily Gardner, the 16-year old climate activist, who in her essay “What a Green New Deal Would Mean for Kentucky,” says:

“I’ve become convinced that another world is possible, a world in which we invest in our home and one another, a place where everyone has access to healthcare and a good job no matter the color of their skin or who they love.”

The warming climate is already affecting families from the oil fields of North Dakota to the rising waters of the Gulf Coast. But climate warriors are reclaiming spaces and fighting for our future.

The popular wartime solution for supplementing food rations was embraced by Eleanor Roosevelt, and now environmental experts say it's time to bring victory gardens back.

By Dan Nosowitz, May 20, 2020

There's no roadmap for fighting climate change, but bringing back a few old traditions might be a way for all of us to do our part. Green America, a nonprofit focused on ethical consumerism, honed in on the victory garden when looking for ways to help more people get actively involved in a solution to global warming. Victory gardens were especially popular during World War I and World War II when people needed to supplement rations by growing their own food. And we need this concept again, says Green America, because now what we need to ration most is our contributions to climate change.

“When we were at war, we wanted people to grow fruits and vegetables at home so there would be more available for the troops overseas,” says Todd Larsen of Green America. He says that today, victory gardens offer us a way to “grow food for ourselves and our families, and also be part of the climate solution.”

HELEN NORMAN

The Victory Garden Impact

Tens of millions of people planted victory gardens during both World Wars, including Eleanor Roosevelt, who planted one on the lawn of the White House. During World War II, these gardens provided about 40 percent of the country’s fruits and vegetables. According to Green America, if we could produce that much again in our home gardens, we could collectively make a positive impact on the environment.

That’s because growing your own food means less needs to be produced on big farms (which usually isn't as sustainable as home gardening can be) and then transported to you. And when you plant and care for your garden sustainably, it can also help to protect soil, support pollinators, and reduce your carbon footprint. It might not seem like you would make much difference in the world by planting your own tomatoes and beans, but multiply it by millions of similar gardens across the country and the world, and it can all add up to a significant change, like victory gardens before.

Keeping Carbon in the Soil

Carbon dioxide is one of the major contributors to the greenhouse effect, and it's released into the air when we burn fossil fuels in  cars, planes, and power plants. The more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the more it traps heat from the sun and helps raise the Earth’s temperature. But there are natural methods here on the ground to remove that carbon dioxide from the air. It's called carbon sequestration, which basically means taking that carbon dioxide from the air and storing it where it can’t contribute to the greenhouse effect.

In what scientists call the carbon cycle, plants are like carbon dioxide vacuum cleaners, sucking it out of the air and storing it in their tissues. When plants die, they turn into organic matter in the soil, which holds onto that stored carbon dioxide with the help of billions of fungi, bacteria, and other tiny creatures that live there. Green America believes that climate victory gardens can be a major contributor to this natural carbon capturing process.

“If you do no-till gardening in your yard, so you're not digging up the soil year after year, it actually does have a big impact in terms of sequestering carbon in the soil,” says Larsen. That’s because when you disturb soil, it causes organic matter to break down faster and release more carbon dioxide back into the air. Mulching and composting also boost your soil’s ability to store carbon; plus, you won't need to water as much or use chemicals for fertilizer or weed killer.

ANDREAS TRAUTTMANSDORFF 

It Gives Wildlife a Home

With millions of climate victory gardens across the country, beneficial wildlife like pollinators would have more of the food and habitat they need to survive. “We have been taught all these years that we don't want wildlife in the garden, that bugs are bad. But plants are the foundation of any wildlife habitat,” says David Mizejewski, a naturalist at the National Wildlife Federation and author of Attracting Birds, Bees, and Other Backyard Wildlife. He points out that roughly nine out of ten insects in your garden aren’t pests at all. Instead, they might be butterflies, whose caterpillars provide essential food for birds, or ladybugs, which eat the pests that do show up.

Plus, many fruits and veggies you’d grow in your garden, including zucchini, peppers, tomatoes, and eggplant, actually produce more for you when bees and other bugs pollinate their flowers. These insects then help feed birds and many other creatures. Climate victory gardens can play an essential part in supporting this entire ecosystem. And when you have a healthy ecosystem, you can rely on fewer pesticides, fertilizers, and other outside inputs that all create carbon emissions when produced.

Harvesting tomatoes and other produce from your own backyard helps lower your carbon footprint.

MARTY BALDWIN

A Source of Healthy, Hyper-Local Food 

Environmental benefits aside, it's also nice to sample the fruits of your labors! If you grow a tomato plant, you can walk into your backyard and pick one to eat instead of driving to the grocery store (which releases carbon dioxide and other harmful greenhouse gases). Tomatoes at the supermarket might've come from a farm far away (which requires fuel to get to you). Transportation accounts for about 11 percent of food’s total emissions, so you can cut that to zero by growing it yourself, as well as cutting other carbon creators that large farms use, such as synthetic fertilizers and big tractors to plant and harvest.

Larson points out that there are psychological benefits as well. “We find that people who are really involved in gardening, especially the kind where you're really taking care of the earth, makes folks pretty attentive when they go to the supermarket,” he says. If you know exactly what it takes to grow a radish, you might begin to value radishes at the store differently. You might decide to use parts of that radish that many would throw away (the greens make a great pesto). And if you can’t grow it yourself, you might choose to buy organic or local if you have the choice. All these decisions help to reduce your carbon footprint, which is the name of the game.

The victory garden concept started with World War I food rationing, progressed to producing mass amounts of food during World War II, and now can help us all fight against climate change. And like we saw during those wars, growing even just a small part of what you eat can make a difference when we’re all in this together. Time to get planting!

Because you understand the fundamentals of growing food, pollinator habitats, and healthy soils, you can take it to the next level to ensure your garden is part of the climate solution.  

It's easy. If you have a garden, you're likely already using some of the Climate Victory Garden practices.

Our #1 tip for more seasoned gardeners is to think critically about the ways you can protect your soil and make decisions that reduce emissions beyond the boundary of your garden. These two approaches to Climate Victory Gardening help your garden soil store carbon and encourage best practices for the climate. These resources will help you do both. 

Green America has partnered with the Environmental Investigation Agency to bring you a new way to take action for people and the planet: support the growing movement to eliminate harmful super pollutants called HFCs from our supermarkets.

The food in our supermarkets is kept cool with substances called refrigerants. The most common refrigerants are hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), super pollutants that leak out and devastate our climate.

HFCs have thousands of times the warming capacity of CO2, and they are the fastest growing greenhouse gas.

The U.S. supermarket sector has lagged behind other developed countries in cooling without super pollutant HFCs, but a few supermarkets are using sustainable HFC-free alternatives.

In the map below, you can find stores that are climate-friendly and see which stores are still using climate-damaging gases. Don’t see a climate-friendly store near you? Urge for more HFC-free supermarkets!

This map is undergoing continuous updates based on publicly available information or data shared specifically with EIA.

Each of us has our own garden vision, and this is the perfect place to start your garden journey.

Take time to think about your dream garden. What do you see? Consider drawing or writing about it (this will help you later on!).

Set garden goals and keep these in mind throughout the rest of your gardening process—maybe your top priority is growing great tomatoes to save money on groceries, getting your kids outside to grow food, or creating a habitat for pollinators.

Garden planning is essential for success and ensures you're making the right decisions for your Climate Victory Garden to have the greatest impact on the climate and your local ecosystems. It’s one of the most important and involved parts of the gardening process, especially when you’re considering carbon capture.

These beginner gardener resources can be viewed as a sort of timeline: choose a location; test and prepare you soil; figure out what, how, and when to grow; and maintain your garden throughout the year.

Read the beginner gardener toolkit for more about the 5 steps to start a garden.

The month of May opened with a great headline in Reuters and similar ones in other media outlets: “Climate Activists Claim Win as JPMorgan Sets Timetable for New Lead Director” – just weeks before the JPMorgan Chase big shareholder meeting on May 19, 2020.

Pressure is building from shareholders and climate activists and it’s getting results –starting this summer, Raymond will no longer serve as the lead independent director on the bank’s board. The question now is whether he will serve at all on the board. Shareholder and public pressure is increasing to vote Raymond off the board entirely.

Raymond, former CEO of ExxonMobil and former board member of the American Petroleum Institute, is a long-standing climate change denier. He has led massive disinformation campaigns for decades to refute the science on climate change, even when it came from ExxonMobil scientists.

In response to criticism of the bank’s massive financing of fossil fuels, and a vocal campaign to oust Raymond, the bank’s demotion of Raymond’s role is both significant and long overdue. Given Raymond’s influence and unconscionable record, his removal from the board is essential if the bank is to successfully reverse course on its fossil fuel financing. A January 2020 report leaked from the bank even affirmed that “We cannot rule out catastrophic outcomes where human life as we know it is threatened”.

For decades, Raymond has used his power to oppose science-backed evidence of climate change. It’s no wonder that his 30-plus years on the JPMorgan board has resulted in the bank being the largest funder of fossil fuels in the world by a huge 36% lead. In the last three years, JPMorgan Chase has plowed $268 billion into intensifying the climate emergency.

JPMorgan Chase is the worst bank on earth for the climate; it can only change course by removing its leading climate denier from the board.

Fortunately, three New York City pension funds, the New York State Common Retirement Fund, and the Pennsylvania State Treasurer -- all major institutional investors -- have stated they will vote against Raymond’s continuation on the JPMorgan Chase board.

If you own JPMorgan stock, this month you too can cast your votes to reflect your values for people and the planet. Shareholders have a crucial opportunity to vote whether or not Lee Raymond continues on the board.

The shareholder meeting will be held virtually on May 19th at 10:00am EST.

You can vote your proxy ballot in advance (check the deadlines in your proxy materials) or during the virtual meeting through the meeting website. As a shareholder, if you have questions about accessing the virtual meeting, email corporate.secretary@jpmchase.com or call (212) 270-6000 by May 15, 2020.

Not sure how to read your proxy statement? Use this graphic to help you vote your shares.

Make your vote count!

Everyone, including beginner gardeners, can grow food, pollinator habitats, and healthy soils, whether you have a huge plot of land or live in a tiny urban high rise. Together, it's the collective action of Climate Victory Gardeners across the country (and world!) that has the potential to move the dial and be part of the climate solution.

It's easy. If you have a garden, you're likely already using some of the Climate Victory Garden practices. (If you're brand new to gardening, check out these five steps to starting a garden.)

Our #1 tip for beginner gardeners is to have fun and not take the process too seriously. Gardening is like a big experiment, and even the most seasoned gardeners have lots of opportunities to learn from their mistakes. These resources will get you started and set up for success.

Is your business starting to consider sustainability in your practices? Do you want to appeal to the ever-growing mass of conscious consumers? With over 30 years of experience, the Green Business Network knows what it takes to be a truly green business and a sustainability audit is a good place to start.

Getting Started

Green businesses are driven by a mission to make the world a better place. They tie together profitability, social responsibility, and environmental sustainability in their business practices. This includes everything from worker safety, clean ingredients, to their water and carbon footprints. Green businesses challenge the status quo by modeling new practices in supply chain management, community development, and even customer service. 

The first thing you need to do to begin the process of becoming a green business is to analyze your current practices.

Running a Sustainability Audit

Every industry has different metrics for social and environmental responsibility. A paint company will need to consider the health risk of minerals in their formula, while a honey company will need to focus on the welfare of their bees. Your business will have tailored needs, as well.

Regardless of your industry, you can start your green business journey by answering these basic questions. It’s okay if you don’t have answers for every single one just yet. As your sustainability practices develop, you can answer these again and see how much you’ve grown. These questions are general to help you get started.

Social Justice

• What is your social mission or purpose? What impact do you want your business to create for your community?
• How does your business meet the needs of its workers and ensure they are treated well?
• If you employ workers overseas, how are you ensuring livable wages, safety, and health in the workplace?
• How does your workplace promote diversity, equity, and inclusion in the workplace and throughout the supply chain?
• How does your company positively impact the community?
• In what ways can you improve transparency in your supply chain?

Sustainability

• Does your business have the infrastructure, capacity, and governance to maintain a comprehensive sustainability program? If not, how can you build one?
• Consider your supply chain. What is your business doing to minimize waste during the production of your product(s)?
• Consider the life cycle of your products. How are you minimizing the footprint of your product—do you have a take-back program, a recycling partner, or something else?
• How are you minimizing the impact of your office, production, and/or service facility?

Keep in mind, these questions do not replace comprehensive standards. As your business improves on its social and environmental commitments, you can dive into even greener standards specific to your industry. The Green Business Network’s How to Be a Sustainable Business series is a good place to start—no matter what your industry, there is a place for your business with us.

Growing Your Green Business

Becoming a socially and environmentally responsible business is an ongoing process. As your business evolves and grows, you will adopt new practices. Creating an internal sustainability committee to maintain your efforts can help ensure your company does not get off track during growth.

You can seek external verification for your efforts, too. An example of this is a certification from a trusted, independent third party. Certifications also have the bonus of being recognizable to consumers, helping you reach new markets. Conscious consumers are more likely to be loyal to your brand when your business aligns with their values, too.

Mission-driven businesses are leaders in the ever-growing green economy. Your business can tap into this market by starting your green business journey. Demonstrating a strong and sincere commitment to social and environmental responsibility is good for both people, the planet, and the legacy of your business.

Explore more rigorous social and environmental standards for business in the How to Be a Sustainable Business series here and learn about becoming a certified Green Business Network member here.

You might have heard that your garden can be a part of the climate solution, but how does it really work? Climate Victory Gardens are all about making decisions in your garden that help it sequester carbon—that is, pull carbon out of the air and store it underground—and helps you offset emissions from other parts of the food system.

Why focus on climate, isn't this just a garden? 

The research is out there and it’s clear that we need to act aggressively on the climate crisis. Some reports say that we only have 12 years to meaningfully address the climate crisis. It’s also said that we have less than 60 years of agricultural topsoil left to grow food. At the same time, our food system is a big part of the problem, emitting between one quarter and one third of the world’s greenhouse gases. 

We know that we need to slow the pollution we’re emitting, but there’s already too much carbon dioxide in the air, so we also need a way to drawdown carbon if we’re going to slow the warming of our atmosphere. 

The good news: research shows that agriculture and gardening are a great way to do both—pull carbon out of the air and slow emissions. This intersection of food and climate is a place where we can exercise our decision-making power and engage in meaningful action, every time we eat or work in the garden.

Green America is working with large farms and companies to do this as well, but change at the large scale takes time, which is why we’re asking gardeners to be trail blazers in their own backyards to get this idea out into the world ahead of the curve, before climate-positive food is something that’s widely available at the grocery store.

There’s two ways to think about climate solutions in our Climate Victory Gardens. 

The first is maximizing soil protection within our gardens, because this is where we can capture carbon by pulling it out of the air and storing it in plants and underground. 

The second way is all about minimizing climate impacts beyond the boundaries of our gardens and making decisions that help reduce emissions. For example, if you don’t buy chemical fertilizers, you’re reducing pollution and emissions that would have come from producing and transporting that fertilizer from the factory to the store. 

Climate Victory Gardening practices help gardeners make decisions that work towards these two goals. 

How do plants and soils capture carbon? 

This is something they do naturally, and it’s up to gardeners to create the right conditions. 

Plant grow using photosynthesis, a process in which they harness the sun’s energy, water, and carbon dioxide to create food in the form of sugars or carbohydrates (base word: carbon). This food helps plants grow and build cells, as well as feed life in the soil that provides them with nutrients (through a symbiotic relationship, meaning they help each other out). The plants grow to produce healthy food and release oxygen as a byproduct, which is what makes our plant habitable for life.

A single teaspoon of healthy soil has billions of microorganisms. This soil life includes everything from earthworms to beneficial bacteria and fungi; these are the workhorses we’re harnessing to pull carbon out of the air. 

Today, industrial agriculture and conventional gardening methods treat soil badly, often with synthetic chemicals that harm life in the soil, which then releases carbon into the air—turning farms and gardens into a source of carbon emissions. But, under good management, soil and these microorganisms can hold huge amounts of carbon. We just have to grow food the right way. 

Rethinking carbon  

Carbon is something we often think of as bad, because we associate it with our changing climate. But, it’s the basic building block for all life. In the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, carbon creates a greenhouse effect that heats our planet, but plants use carbon to create cells to grow and feed microorganisms in the soil that support them.  

It’s the carbon that goes into the soil through plants that has the biggest potential for change. Those billions of microorganisms? They represent a quarter of Earth’s biodiversity, and this is where we want to get the carbon, because it’s more likely to stay underground and it helps our gardens grow. 

You don’t have to be a scientist to know this; many gardeners are well acquainted with carbon in healthy soils, but might recognize it as organic matter, the crumbly texture, or its rich, earthy smell. Soil health is integral both as a climate solution and a successful garden.  

When we grow food at home in a regenerative manner; we purchase less food that has traveled across the country, we keep methane-producing organic materials out of landfills with composting, we increase the water holding capacity of our soil to decrease flooding and runoff, and most importantly we rebuild our soil health bringing back its carbon sequestering potential. 

Since the US has become the latest epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic, business-as-usual has had no choice but to come to a quieting halt. Between March and April, a staggering 30.3 million Americans have applied for unemployment benefits and retail sales in March fell by almost 9 percent. Meanwhile, many Americans are adapting to a new reality of staying at home  for the foreseeable future, while others continue to work on the frontlines of the response.

In the midst of an uncertain economy, we’re spotlighting some of the businesses in our Green Business Network whose creativity and resilience are giving us hope. 

Dhana Inc.

The circular-minded fashion brand Dhana Inc.[m] has been a Green Business Network member for nine years and provides both youth and adult apparel. Dhana has also been recognized as a Best for the World Honoree every year since 2016 and is a complete brand that now includes circular clothing. 

 In April, the company began selling face masks designed with zero waste and circularity in mind.

Research has shown that while masks may not prevent wearers from getting infected, they are useful in stopping the spread of germs to others. Dhana is meeting the rising demand with Batik masks--Batik being a dyeing technique that is traditional in Indonesia and India. Dhana is producing the masks in Indonesia and Columbus, Ohio.

AZ Eco Designs

AZ Eco Designs [m] is a sustainable product design studio in San Francisco, California. The company sells clothing, furniture, and artworks all made from all sorts of scrappy materials like cooking oil cans, denim, tires, computer parts and water pipes. The company’s founder, Aguida Zanol has a long career in making new creations out of recycled materials and held leadership positions at some of the first sustainable design organizations in Brazil.

“With all that’s going on, I’m designing more sustainable products from excess materials we collected before  quarantine like cardboard boxes” says Zanol. “I’m transforming the boxes with the goal of getting them to zero waste. So, one box can be the start of a shoe rack and the left-overs of it, a necklace or lamp.” Zanol is also planning to host virtual workshops in the near future.

Dunitz & Co

Dunitz & Company [m], based in Hollywood, CA, specializes in fair-trade jewelry. Dunitz elevates the work of artisans and supports organizations that serve Guatemalan communities where the company’s beadwork is crafted, like the Hospitalito Atitlan which is currently screening patients and distributing coronavirus information in the city of Santiago Atitlán.

Dunitz & Company is also a member of the Museum Store Association, which selects unique nonprofit business products to be sold in museum gift shops. Founder Nancy Dunitz compiled a list of over 50 museums that are offering virtual tours for those staying at home.

“I figure everyone needs more things to occupy their time at home, and I thought this would be a way to link and support many institutions that support me during better times,” said Dunitz. “'I’ve been able to compile this list by researching online, inquiring from my customers and watching my Facebook feed.”

Takoma Park Silver Spring Co-op

In a Washington, DC, suburb, TPSS [m] is a neighborhood co-op offering locally sourced produce and other groceries. For one lifetime payment of $100, shoppers can become part owners of the store and enjoy benefits like discounts, have a voice in co-op governance, and become eligible to join the Interior Federal Credit Union.

In March, the store reduced its hours and asked customers to only come in once a week, then moved to an online shopping system with curbside pickup. General manager Mike Houston says the store will continue operating this way indefinitely.

“We had no online order platform before March 23, so we had a lot of work to do make sure things function properly,” says Houston. “We’ve gotten a lot of support from the community and people have gotten used to ordering online.”

Green America is continuing to publicize the creative and crucial changes that green businesses are making, including advocacy for small green businesses. If you are a business owner, please sign the American Sustainable Business Council petition to Congress to provide meaningful support to small businesses in respect to healthcare, disaster relief, and expanded unemployment benefits at greenamerica.org/savesmallbusiness.

Up next: 3 Green Businesses Getting Creative During COVID-19

Shareholders Should be Heard, Not Muzzled

The full article from ThinkAdvisor, April 13, 2020, is available at here.

Introduction:

The Securities and Exchange Commission is attempting to bar many investors from pushing corporations to address major issues, including climate change, lobbying and election spending transparency, human rights abuses and discrimination. This would be a huge setback not just for those shareholders, but all of us who benefit from the progress they help to bring about.

For resources on shareholder action visit:

Basics of Shareholder Action

How to Read a Proxy Ballot

Sample Shareholder Resolutions in 2020

Empty shelves at the grocery store have inspired many shoppers to turn to gardening. But, some garden companies were caught off-guard by the surprise spike in interest for garden supplies and may be experiencing shortages as well. Whether you’re looking for materials for your first-ever pandemic garden or a seasoned gardener looking for your usual spring garden supplies, you can still find what you need to grow good food.

Seeds

First, we suggest calling or emailing your local garden store—be patient, they likely have reduced hours and staffing and are dealing with many challenges. Even if their doors are closed right now, if they have seeds on the shelves, they’ll probably figure out a way to sell them to you and offer curbside pick-up, delivery, or shipping. This goes for all the gardening supplies listed below—although shipping heavier items might not be the best idea.

You can also look to small businesses that grow and sell seeds. The great thing about local seeds is that they’re likely more adapted to the weather, soils, and precipitation in your region. Buying local garden supplies helps small businesses in need during economically hard times, and these seeds will help your garden be more resistant to a changing climate and growing seasons.

You may also find seeds at a local seed library. Or consider asking neighbors and garden groups on social media. Remember to follow all CDC guidelines when sharing resources.

Soils

You may not need to buy soil if you’re lucky enough to have a yard. If you’re unsure of the quality of your soil, you may want to amend with a rich compost. If you don’t already compost at home, get started now so you have soil later this season and for next year. If possible, find a local source of compost or soil; farms and garden centers may have these key garden supplies or know where you can find them locally. 

In many states, hardware stores are still open, and these are a treasure trove of garden supplies. If you’re concerned about entering the store, consider calling ahead to see if they’ll offer curbside pickup for soil or any of the garden supplies mentioned here. 

Soils can also be found at some larger supermarkets that have outdoor and gardening sections. Next time you’re grocery shopping, explore these aisles to see what they have. 

Or support green businesses like Devine Gardens for rich vermicompost, delivered to your door.

Containers and Building Materials 

If you’re growing indoors or starting seeds indoors to transplant outside when it’s warmer, look no farther than your recycling bin for gardening supplies. Old plastic yogurt containers and milk cartons make great planters. 

Larger containers for porches and balconies can be repurposed from old buckets, mixing bowls, coolers, or anything that can withstand the weight of soil can be used. (We suggest doing a deep Pinterest DIY on repurposed garden containers). Anytime you’re repurposing something, don’t forget to poke holes in the bottom for drainage.

If you’re interested in building garden beds and find that the building kits are sold out, remember that you can garden in the ground without building up physical beds. But, if you feel that a built bed is the best option for your space, look for nontoxic lumber or repurposed wood that’s lived another life (as a fence, for example).

Some online sources like the Gardener’s Supply Company have all the container options you might need no matter where you’re planting.

Tools

First, we suggest looking through what you have. Many of us have old forgotten tools or items that can be repurposed for the garden. For small-scale gardening, you can even use large spoons from the kitchen. 

If you need something more heavy duty, consider your local garden company, hardware store, ask local gardeners on social media, or consider tool share programs. Some small businesses like Green Heron Tools are still shipping garden supplies. 

Looking for more gardening tips during the time of COVID-19? Check out our Climate Victory Gardening facebook group, where gardeners from all walks of life ask questions, share advice, and celebrate the successes of their fellow gardeners. 

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T-Mobile continues to lead the telecom industry in adopting clean energy. The company announced that its recent partnership with Otter Creek Wind Farm has achieved commercial operation and is expected to generate more than 504,100 MWh of clean energy every year. This placed T-Mobile at 95 percent clean energy.

At the same time, the company has recently finalized its merger with Sprint. T-Mobile has committed to update its target date for 100 percent clean energy to account for its newly expanded footprint. Previously, Sprint lagged on renewables before late 2019, when it announced a new clean energy project which would reportedly supply 30 percent of its energy use. 

The victory gardening movement of the 1940s was a time for grassroots collective action—when households across the country grew incredible amounts of food. It was also a time when war was used to justify extreme xenophobia and oppression of non-white Americans.

Green America’s Climate Victory Gardening campaign strives to reclaim the good from this movement, but we can’t do that without addressing the hurt and racism that Japanese Americans experienced directly related to the WWII victory gardens during this terrible time in our country’s history. 

Racism Leads to the Incarceration of Japanese Americans 

While many point to Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor as the start of xenophobia towards Japanese Americans, racism and injustice existed long before WWII. 

First-generation Japanese immigrants were barred from becoming citizens and faced discrimination in labor markets and land ownership from the moment they arrived in the United States. Many settled in the states along the West Coast and farming was the only occupation available to them. In 1934, one third of Los Angeles’s Japanese American workforce farmed and gardened. 

Thanks to generations of farming knowledge from Japan, these workers were wildly successful at growing food in the American west. Second-generation Japanese Americans were able to become citizens and began owning small farms and they quickly became an important part of US agriculture. Data from the period show that Japanese American farms were more productive and profitable than other farms. In 1940, they produced more than 10 percent of California’s food by value even though they held less than four percent of farmlands.

In 1941, the Japanese military attacked Pearl Harbor, leading to the United States’ formal entry into WWII. The existing racism towards Japanese Americans was intensified by fear and war propaganda. The next year, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which called for the forceful removal of over 120,000 Japanese immigrants and Americans of Japanese descent from the west coast to concentration camps farther inland. 

Two thirds of those in camps were American citizens. There were no formal charges against these prisoners and no significant convictions of any Japanese Americans for espionage during the entire war. This was incarceration due to ethnicity alone. 

Injustice towards Japanese Americans was compounded by the action of white-owned corporate agribusinesses, which saw the opportunity to take over these family farms. Lobbying from industrial agriculture with “competing economic interests” targeted and forcibly removed successful Japanese American growers from their farmlands. 

We understand that terms like “concentration camp” and “incarceration” might not match words you’ve heard used in the past, like “internment” and “relocation.” If you’re wondering about our word choice this article is for you.

Japanese Gardens in Incarceration Camps

Japanese Americans lost their homes, their businesses, their rights, and in some cases their lives. They were moved to incarceration camps that were little more than barren lands with barracks surrounded by guard towers and barbed wire. In fact, the land chosen for the camps was intentionally poor, because the government hoped that their new inmates would use their farming expertise to improve the land with enormous agricultural projects. The camps were isolated; sickness, beatings, and death were everyday experiences. 

This is not the scene that comes to mind when most Americans think of victory gardens, but these camps were home to thousands of individual gardens that played an important role somewhere between horticultural therapy and survival. Gardens in the camps served cultural and health purposes, acted as a buffer against psychological trauma, and represented an attempt to re-create community in these harsh new environments. There were beautiful ornamental gardens and gardens that grew traditional Japanese vegetables to supplement terrible meals in the camps. 

Camp gardens were also a form of resistance. Many of the inmates faced complex feelings around American patriotism, the injustices of Executive Order 9066, and betrayal by their white neighbors. Gardens were an opportunity to physically rebuild their community but, for some, they were also considered subversive symbols of non-compliance, resistance against confinement, and even appropriation of the War Relocation Authority’s land. Gardening often required illegal acts to acquire materials and became highly politicized in some of the camps.

Government Promotes Household Victory Gardens 

Outside the camps, the US government aggressively promoted victory gardening at the household level. Fearing food shortages, the need for such a huge civilian mobilization was often attributed to farmers becoming soldiers, war allies relying on US production, and feeding troops. Gardening was marketed as family fun, healthy recreation, and patriotic.

What few knew then and even fewer know now, is that rationing programs and food shortages were largely due to the incarceration of many of the United States’ most productive farmers. When Japanese Americans were forcibly removed from their land, food supplies plummeted and prices skyrocketed. In 1942, Japanese American-owned farms were expected to provide half of the canning tomatoes and 95% of all fresh snap beans for the war effort. They were also the primary growers of strawberries for civilian consumption.

The colorful, upbeat, whitewashed victory gardening posters do nothing to hint at the over 6,100 farms that were taken from Japanese Americans (estimated to be worth over $1.3b today). They do nothing to show the forced labor of German prisoners of war and Japanese internees, and they ignore the fact that the government had to import thousands of Mexican workers to keep the United States food supply stable.

Reclaiming Victory Gardens to Face Today’s Crises

What do we do with this deeply troubling history?

First, we can acknowledge that this history is not behind us. Stigma of the incarceration camps remains, and reparations fall short. The US didn’t apologize or offer restitution to impacted Japanese Americans until 1988—too little too late. In general, the US doesn’t have a great track record for delivering reparations to groups who’ve been forced from their lands and into forced labor, including enslaved Africans and indigenous peoples. Racism persists in the face of climate and global health crises, as marginalized communities are hit hardest and—again—as anti-Asian racism spreads, but this time amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

We can also reclaim what was good about the victory gardening movement of the 1940s, when 20 million people took action to feed their families and communities in uncertain times. We can again tap into therapeutic potential of gardening. And, this time, we can garden in a way that’s good for the planet (unlike the chemical-heavy methods used during the 1940s). 

The victory garden movement was a top-down model, with the government driving action. Today, we’re seeing incredible amounts of grassroots action around growing food that directly opposes the systems that reinforce oppression, the industrialization of our food system, and centralization of power. Across the country, people are building Climate Victory Gardens that bring communities together and provide nourishing food to people who live in food-insecure areas—those experiencing food apartheid and facing racism.

We need everyone to be part of the climate solution and easing the impacts of the pandemic. Gardens have a role in the future we’re striving to create; racism does not.

Here are some great organizations addressing anti-Asian backlash today:

• Asian Americans Advancing Justice
• Asian Pacific Environmental Network
• Asian Pacific Policy and Planning Council and Chinese for Affirmative Action have launched an incident report for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders experiencing microaggressions, racial profiling, hate incidents, and hate violence

Here are some organizations working to ensure gardening is available to all: 

• The Ron Finley Project
• Soul Fire Farm

It’s important that Americans work together to make sustainable gardening and agriculture a viable activity for all groups and communities—one that honors the wisdom and connection to the land of diverse peoples. 

As COVID-19 has swept throughout the world, reports of high-profile cases have given rise to the concept that this virus does not discriminate. It can hit any person with force, from our friends and neighbors to politicians and celebrities.  

Considering this crisis as a kind of equalizer may be an acknowledgment of our collective humanity and a call to support each other by physically distancing. However, before this virus, generations of inequity and unjust systems have placed certain communities significantly more at risk than others. The virus may not discriminate, but these systems do.

With recent demographic data on virus infections and fatalities, there is even more evidence that these system failures and inequities have severe consequences. Therefore, we must apply an environmental justice lens when allocating COVID-19 resources and supporting communities.  

Environmental Justice and COVID-19

Ibram X. Kendi, Director of the Antiracist Research and Policy Center at American University, has led the call for states, counties, and labs to report racial demographics of the people being tested for, infected with, hospitalized with, or killed by the virus.  

“Sometimes racial data tells us something we don’t know. Other times we need racial data to confirm something we already seem to know,” says Kendi. 

This emerging data shows that African Americans make up over half of all coronavirus cases in the country, despite making up 13 percent of the US population. In Chicago, Black Americans reportedly account for 72 percent of virus-related fatalities, even though they make up less than a third of the city’s population. Expanding out to Illinois, 43 percent who have died from the virus are Black, while this demographic makes up 15 percent of the state’s population.  

Similar data and patterns are being reported from cities, counties, and states including Michigan, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Connecticut, and parts of Georgia.  

Some members of Congress have already introduced legislation to expand demographic data and create a commission to identify data collection barriers and recommend how to best use the data to promote health equity.  

Systemic Causes of Underlying Conditions 

For decades, researchers, and activists have documented the racial disparities that cause the underlying conditions leaving communities of color vulnerable. These systems show patterns of discriminatory practices that are all too apparent to be coincidental. 

When trying to receive healthcare, communities of color are more likely to experience barriers to effective care. In Native American communities, disproportionately high rates of diabetes, heart disease, and asthma, combined with overcrowded housing, make these communities even more vulnerable.  

Essential workers who do not have the privilege of staying home are largely made up of people from more vulnerable communities, specifically Black and Latinx workers. This includes more than one million farmworkers who are working to maintain food production while facing inadequate safeguards, limited access to medical care, and crowded living conditions. Undocumented immigrants needing to seek treatment for the virus are faced with the threat of deportation or arrest into ICE’s detention centers, where the coronavirus is spreading in horrifying and neglectful conditions. 

Historic redlining and discriminatory housing practices continue to prevent Black and Latinx communities from safe, affordable housing. Communities of color are disproportionately faced with inadequate transportation options, lack of access to fresh and healthy food, and exposure to polluting industries which poison air and water. All these injustices inflict the underlying conditions which make these communities particularly at risk from COVID-19.  

Impacts of Environmental Racism 

A Harvard study analyzing thousands of US counties confirms the link between air pollution and COVID-19 fatalities. This study paired with countless others on pollution in communities of color affirm what the environmental justice movement has called out for decades.  

Lubna Ahmed, director of environmental health at WE ACT for Environmental Justice, stated, “In public health, it’s often said that your ZIP code is more indicative of your health outcomes than your genetic code.” 

The placement of coal plants, waste incinerators, refineries, landfills, bus depots, and other sites in communities of color has long emitted toxic pollutants into the water and particulate matter into the air. Air pollutants enter through the lung and go into the bloodstream and are linked to cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, chronic health issues that increase chances of contracting severe cases of COVID-19. The Harvard study also points out bad indoor air quality and poor ventilation are prevalent in low-income housing.  

As handwashing is critical to preventing the spread and contraction of the coronavirus, reliable access to water is just as critical. Last year, 23,000 homes in Detroit had water shut off and 37 percent hadn’t had renewed service as of January. While some cities have promised to restore water to residents during this crisis, it’s up to residents to know about the program and what steps to take to receive returned service. And thousands of residents have reported being told they don’t qualify for the plan.  

Meanwhile, the Trump Administration has continued its multi-year rampage of rolling back environmental and health protections, like the recent repeal of automobile emission regulations, a move that lacked any credible justification. The EPA has “temporarily” suspended monitoring and punitive measures on polluters with no end date in sight. And we need justice and protection from pollution in communities that have been disproportionately burdened by pollutants for generations.  

Supporting the Environmental Justice Movement 

We must apply a historic lens and complete demographic data on virus cases when allocating resources and supporting communities. We need to ensure there are not just emergency supplies provided, but also an inspection of how underlying conditions are created and can be fixed. We need leaders that understand these inequities and fight to change systems. To create justice, marginalized communities must have decision-making roles in regards to their health, homes, and futures. 

Communities have long fought for environmental and social justice to address these inequities. Under-served communities have historically not had the political power to prevent new sources of pollution and eradicate existing ones. But organizing efforts of communities and activists have led to progress and there are many ways to lend support.  
 

• Urge your Congressional representatives to join the call for demographic data and to support the Environmental Justice for All Act, by Congressman Donald McEachin and Chair Raul Grijalva.   

• Small businesses support local economies and Black women alone are starting their own businesses at a faster rate than any other demographic. For business owners struggling under the economic weight of the pandemic – join our Green Business Network’s call to Congress to do more for small businesses! 

• If you are able, donate funds to Mutual Aid Networks to help provide resources – the African American Policy Forum lists networks here. 

• Volunteer or donate to support environmental and social justice groups like We Act for Environmental Justice, Color of Change, Hip Hop Caucus, NAACP, and GAIA. 

• Eating nutritious foods is a powerful defense against disease, and while food-insecurity has always been a reality in Black and Brown communities, this pandemic has made the necessity of access to healthy food all the more clear. Check out the Black Church Food Network and Soul Fire Farm's online web series for gardening info and join our Climate Victory Gardens campaign.  

• Black and Latinx people are historically under-counted in the U.S. Census, which informs funding and representation in Congress. Make sure you’re counted in the 2020 Census and register to vote!  

• Join the Prison Policy Initiative, National Organization for Women, Black Lives Matter, Mijente and other organizations in standing up for the incarcerated population and take action with the Humane Outbreak Response coalition.  

Position Title:              Development Manager

Supervisor:                   Director of Development & Organizational Advancement

Benefits:                        Excellent benefits including health care, dental, cooperative work environment, and flexible 4 day/32-hour work week

Start Date:                    Winter/Spring 2021

Job Location                 Washington, DC

Compensation:             $56,000 - $63,000

Green America, founded in 1982, is a national nonprofit organization dedicated to creating a socially just and environmentally sustainable society by harnessing economic power – the strength of consumers, investors, businesses, and the marketplace. Our key program areas include climate action and clean energy, regenerative agriculture, labor justice, responsible finance, and green living.  We carry out our work in three strategic and interwoven hubs: 1) our Consumer & Corporate Engagement Programs, 2) our Green Business Network, and 3) our Center for Sustainability Solutions.

The Development Team focuses on increasing revenues for Green America’s work from individual major donors ($1,000+), foundations, and green business supporters.  Team members include the Director of Development & Organizational Advancement, Senior Major Gifts Officer, Foundations Manager, and Development Manager.  The Executive Co-Directors and President & CEO are extended team members, as they play key roles in fundraising.

We seek an experienced development professional to manage and grow Green America’s major gifts program, with a focus on renewing and upgrading current mid-level donors, identifying and qualifying new major gifts prospects, and building and maintaining long-term donor relationships.  The Development Manager plays a critical role in growing Green America’s donor base and revenues from individual donors, and helping to increase our mission impact in the world. The position will be based in Washington, DC at the Green America offices (currently staff are working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic).

PRIMARY RESPONSIBILTIES

1.      Manage and Grow Leaders Circle Portfolio ($1,000-9,999 annual donors)

• Manage a portfolio of ~150 Leaders Circle members, as well as additional donors with capacity and inclination to give at the Leader level or higher.
  
• Reach or exceed annual fundraising goals (2021-22 Leaders Circle goal is $300,000 with increases in subsequent years).
• Build strong donor relationships, set personalized stewardship plans (mail, visits, invitations to virtual and in-person events, engagement in our programs, etc.), and solicit for increased/renewed support.
• Coordinate, write, and personalize renewal mailings, reply forms, and proposals.
• Manage logistics of donor mailings (segment lists, print and personalize letters, design personalized reply forms, handwrite notes, etc.).
• Produce meaningful gift acknowledgements as soon as possible after gift arrives (letters, cards, photo books, digital thank yous, videos, etc).
• Work closely with fellow Development and Executive team members to coordinate donor visit and cultivation efforts.
• Utilize Raiser’s Edge as the primary tool to keep record of and plan for donor identification, qualification, cultivation, solicitation, and stewardship.

2.      Identifying and Cultivating New Major Donor Prospects

• Work with Director of Development to identify new major gift prospects using Blackbaud research tools and donor giving history, with focus on $250-$999 donors.
  
• Conduct donor research to identify new top prospects and to prepare for meetings with these donors.
  
• Plan and execute new cultivation strategies to recognize prospects and build a compelling case for them to deepen their support.

3.      Assist in Building Green America’s Legacy Circle

o   Understand the basics of planned giving and communicate these giving opportunities to donors.

o   Include planned giving information in mailings and assist Director of Development on planned giving solicitation strategies (email, mail, inquiry follow up).​​​​

4.      Webinar Series & Other Cultivation Activities

• Coordinate Green America’s Webinar Series with various GA teams and maximize it as a donor cultivation tool.
• In coordination with Executive Team, produce quarterly Policy Highlights emails.
• Travel locally and nationally (post-pandemic) to meet with and visit donors.
• Assist in the coordination of at least 3-5 in-person or virtual events per year (“Climate Solutions Tours,” film screenings, happy hours, luncheons, etc.).
• Assist in the production of promotional materials for use by the Development Team.

5.      Other Duties as Assigned

• Work on other Development related duties as they are assigned to you by the Director of Development. (Exs: new virtual events, data mining, donor research, portfolio review, budgeting, campaign planning, etc.)
• Participate in staff meetings and the annual operating plan & budget process.
• Participate in Cross Departmental Teams: The success of our organizational work includes the voluntary participation of staff members from all levels of the organization in cross departmental teams addressing a range of issues to strengthen our impact and planning, as time and other work commitments allow.
   

QUALIFICATIONS

• Bachelors or advanced degree required.
• 5+ years of experience in major gifts fundraising and demonstrated successful solicitation of $1,000+ gifts.
• Deep understanding of donor-centered major gifts fundraising and how to deepen engagement and support.
• Experience with qualifying and cultivating major donor prospects and increasing their support over time.
• Ability to work very independently/be self-directed AND work closely with a team.
• Strong background in nonprofit fundraising and desire to grow in this field.
• Ability to learn quickly and respond to donor requests and gifts promptly.
• Exemplary relationship-building and written and verbal communication skills.
• Basic understanding of environmental sustainability, social/labor justice, and green economy issues.
• Ability to obtain a deep understanding of Green America’s program areas and communicate this understanding to donors and prospects.
• Strong ability to manage multiple tasks and projects at the same time.
• Proficiency with Raiser’s Edge (or other CRM/donor database that allows for transfer of data skills).
• Valid driver’s license and ability and willingness to travel.
• Certified Fundraising Executive (CFRE) certification a plus.

If interested please send a cover letter and resume to Kathy Harget, Director of Development & Organizational Advancement: kharget@greenamerica.org.

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Green America is an equal opportunity employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without discrimination regarding: actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, sex (including pregnancy, childbirth, related medical conditions, breastfeeding, or reproductive health disorders), age (18 years of age or older), marital status (including domestic partnership and parenthood), personal appearance, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, family responsibilities, genetic information, disability, matriculation, political affiliation, citizenship status, credit information or any other characteristic protected by federal, state or local laws. Harassment on the basis of a protected characteristic is included as a form of discrimination and is strictly prohibited.

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Green America is an equal opportunity employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without discrimination regarding: actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, sex (including pregnancy, childbirth, related medical conditions, breastfeeding, or reproductive health disorders), age (18 years of age or older), marital status (including domestic partnership and parenthood), personal appearance, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, family responsibilities, genetic information, disability, matriculation, political affiliation, citizenship status, credit information or any other characteristic protected by federal, state or local laws. Harassment on the basis of a protected characteristic is included as a form of discrimination and is strictly prohibited.

Whether they’re hollow or filled with ganache, every Easter egg contains a complex, globalised trade network within it. The cocoa used to make the chocolate was most likely grown in West Africa – around 70% of the world’s supply is.

Once grown, the beans might be sold to a large processor, to be made into butter, powder or liqueur. Though they’re not household names, 60% of the world’s cocoa products are processed by three companies: Barry Callebaut, Cargill and Olam.

From there, the processed cocoa will be sold again – probably to one of five major conglomerates: Mondelez, Mars, Ferrero, Hershey’s or Nestle, who alongside bean-to-bar manufacturer Lindt, produce 80% of the world’s chocolate.

At the very start of this chain, the potential for damaging practices is huge. Since 2001, the use of harmful child labour – a form of modern slavery – on cocoa farms has been an issue known to manufacturers, politicians and the general public. Since 1960, 90% of Ivory Coast’s rainforests, including National Parks, have been lost to deforestation.

The CSIRO estimate the average Australian consumes 32kg of chocolate a year, and in the absence of tight legislation, it’s up to consumers to make informed choices. But the complex supply chains that hide these dirty secrets make it difficult.

This year, three NGOs – Mighty Earth, Be Slavery Free and Green America – have banded together to produce an Easter chocolate guide that helps consumers sort good and bad eggs. The desk review looks at the policies and promises of major chocolate manufacturers and processors, and assigns them scores based on six factors relating to their environmental and labour practices.

In Australia and New Zealand, iconic New Zealand chocolate brand Whittaker’s came out on top, winning a Good Egg Award for their “leadership in policies and practices to end child labour, moving towards a living income for farmers and caring for the environment”.

“And their chocolate tastes fabulous,” says Carolyn Kitto of Be Slavery Free. “They really have earned this score.”

Swiss brand Lindt – who oversee all parts of the chocolate manufacturing process – also scored very highly. “They have the most thorough on-the-ground farmer relationship of the big chocolate companies,” says Be Slavery Free’s Fuzz Kitto.

Be Slavery Free have been investigating labour practices in the chocolate industry for more than two decades; and they have noticed a significant positive change in the last three years.

When they ran a similar assessment in 2012, Carolyn Kitto says you could fit Australian supermarkets’ ethical chocolate offerings “on an A5 page”. “Now there are so many, we have to put it up online to show them all,” adds Fuzz.

The guide only looks at manufacturers large enough to have their own programs, so major Australian chocolate brands like Haigh’s and Darryl Lee were not included in the guide – though both are good options for Australian chocolate buyers. Fuzz notes that after a significant lobbying efforts, in the past year Darryl Lee “have just done a massive turn around in Australia, it’s been a phenomenal thing to watch”.

If you want to buy chocolate not covered in the guide, Carolyn recommends looking for certification from either the Rainforest Alliance, Fair Trade or Barry Callebaut’s Cocoa Horizons for an indication of better labour and environmental policies.

On the other end of the spectrum, luxury American chocolate brand Godiva was slapped with a Rotten Egg Award. Because “they used other people’s programs without being proactively involved in them,” says Fuzz. Carolyn adds: “ They’re basically saying they expect someone else to do the work rather than taking the responsibility themselves.”

Though the recent changes have been promising – particularly major manufacturers’ willingness to show transparency, and engage in a dialogue with consumers – Be Slavery Free says there is still a long way to go in ridding chocolate of its bitter elements. “We are continually saying ‘you’ve got these programs, show us the results’” says Fuzz. “There’s not been an on-the-ground assessment or baseline for us to know what the improvements are. That’s one of the things we’ve been pushing for.”

The organisation is particularly focused on fighting poverty, by ensuring cocoa farmers are paid a living wage. Fuzz explains: “How do we get them a decent price for their cocoa so they don’t have to use their children for labour?

Further regulation, with real consequences for non-compliance, is also a major area for improvement. In Australia, the Modern Slavery Act requires entities with an annual consolidated revenue of more than $100m to “report annually on the risks of modern slavery in their operations and supply chains, and actions to address those risks.” However, Fuzz notes “the difficulty is that ... although it’s mandatory to report, there’s no consequences if you don’t.”

“We wouldn’t regard that we actually have a mandatory regulation scheme, because if there are no consequences, it’s sort of like saying ‘Well you have to pay tax, but if you don’t, we’re not going to worry about it,’ ” Carolyn says.

Green America’s Cool It campaign tackles potent, dangerous greenhouse gases called hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) that are used for refrigerant management and that are exacerbating the climate crisis.

Congress has introduced a new bill with bipartisan support (S. 2754), the American Innovation and Manufacturing (AIM) Act, to bolster our national economy and phase down the use of HFCs as refrigerants.

This is great news for the climate because HFCs have up to 9,000 times more warming power than carbon dioxide. As the gases leak out of refrigeration systems, there is not only an environmental benefit to phasing down HFCs, but also a significant economic one. There are available alternatives which can help businesses cut costs. Many refrigerants with zero or near-zero impact on the climate are shown to be more energy efficient than HFCs, reducing energy costs.

Improved refrigerant management is a win for businesses and the climate. This legislation is a critical step to achieving the substantial benefits of better refrigerant practices. The AIM Act is projected to create 150,000 U.S. jobs and generate nearly $39 billion in economic benefits annually by 2027. This will keep the United States competitive in the changing, global refrigerants market.

Green America's Refrigerant Management Testimony

On April 7, 2020 the Green Business Network submitted the following testimony in support of The American Innovation and Manufacturing Act. The Act supports both job creation and the reduction of climate-changing emissions (HFCs or hydroflurocarbons). Below is testimony from Green America's Executive Co-Director Fran Teplitz.

Green America greatly appreciates the opportunity to provide this written testimony on S. 2754, the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act.

We are pleased to support this bipartisan legislation, which will create economic growth in the refrigerants sector while phasing down substances that devastate our climate. The measures in this legislation will ensure that the United States is a leader on this issue and that our industry will remain competitive in the rapidly changing landscape of the global refrigerant market.

Green America is a national non-profit organization founded in 1982 to harness economic power – the strength of consumers, investors, businesses, and the marketplace – to create a socially just and environmentally sustainable society. We represent over 250,000 individual members and activists and more than 2,000 business members, most of which are smaller businesses and leaders in innovation and sustainable practices. These businesses consistently prove that sustainability can also be good for their business and enhance their bottom line.

The AIM Act is a bipartisan, commonsense measure to bolster American manufacturers and reduce the use of substances that warm our atmosphere at extremely high rates. It is modeled after the Montreal Protocol’s highly successful phasedown of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in order to protect our ozone layer. However, the void left by the phasedown of CFCs was replaced with hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), greenhouse gases that do not impact the ozone layer but are extraordinarily damaging to our climate.

HFCs are manmade greenhouse gases with up to 9,000 times more global warming potential than carbon dioxide. They are the fastest growing greenhouse gas and if left unrestricted, could contribute half a degree Celsius of warming by the end of the century, quickly accelerating us beyond the limit of 1.5 degrees Celsius of warming as set by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

These gases leak out through faulty refrigeration systems, meaning there is not only an environmental benefit to phasing down HFCs, but also a significant economic one. There are available alternatives which can help businesses cut costs. Many refrigerants with zero or near-zero Global Warming Potential (GWP) are shown to be more energy efficient than HFCs, reducing energy costs.

Additionally, while this legislation outlines the gradual phase down of the production and use of HFCs, it could also lead to better refrigerant management, such as improvements in leak monitoring and repair. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that supermarket retailers lose one quarter of refrigerant due to leaks. The Environmental Investigation Agency reports that the sector’s refrigerant leaks equate to 45 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent annually. If these leaks were reduced, the industry would save an estimated $108 million every year. Clearly, improved refrigerant management is a win for businesses and the climate.

This legislation is a critical step to achieving the substantial benefits of better refrigerant practices. The AIM Act is projected to create 150,000 U.S. jobs and generate nearly $39 billion in economic benefits annually by 2027. This will keep the United States competitive in the changing global refrigerants market. For all these reasons, this legislation has sweeping industry support.

Reducing HFC refrigerants will work to address their severe impact on the climate, as well as support American suppliers and businesses. Therefore, Green America supports the passage of the American Innovation and Manufacturing Act, S. 2754 and its companion bill H.R. 5544, however, our organization strongly opposes any state preemption provisions or amendments. While we support passing and upholding a robust national standard and program, including a provision for preemption is unnecessary and could weaken support of this legislation.

Please contact us for any further information on Green America, our Green Business Network, and our support of this legislation.

WASHINGTON, DC – April 9, 2020 – Carter’s, the largest U.S. retailer of baby clothes, is taking an important first step towards limiting toxic chemicals in its supply chain, and it is doing so as a result of pressure from Green America and its members.

Green America launched a campaign in 2019 and published a report showing Carter’s was among the worst actors in the textile industry on environmental and social practices. Nearly 15,000 consumers have joined Green America in calling on Carter’s to clean up its supply chain and release a Manufacturing Restricted Substances List (MRSL), which would go a step further than an Restricted Substances List (which only protects consumers) by limiting harmful chemicals that workers and their communities are exposed to in the manufacturing process.

Carter’s actions include releasing an RSL, disclosing information about energy usage and waste reduction, and providing greater transparency about efforts to protect human rights within its supply chain.

Green America lauded the move but pointed out that the company should do more.

“A public RSL is a good first step, but without an MRSL, it is a partial solution at best. Carter’s must now also prioritize the health of workers in its supply chain and limit their exposure to harmful chemicals through a MRSL,” said Charlotte Tate, manager of Labor Justice Campaigns at Green America. “We are glad to see Carter’s take steps to protect its customers, but we urge them to take it further and not leave workers out of the solution.”

“Major industry players are often not transparent about what chemicals are used, and we do not have sufficient understanding of the impacts of the thousands of chemicals used on human and environmental health,” stated Todd Larsen, executive co-director of Consumer and Corporate Engagement at Green America. “Though, some states, including Washington, Oregon, and Vermont, have disclosure requirements for children’s products sold within that state. In recent years, Carter’s has disclosed using harmful chemicals like formaldehyde, arsenic and arsenic compounds, and cadmium, and that’s why it is good to see Carter’s taking steps to start protecting the children who wear the company’s clothes.”

Carter’s also committed to supporting suppliers in obtaining Oeko-Tex certification to limit chemical usage in raw materials and has sourced more organic cotton then in previous years. Using organic cotton limits the harmful chemicals that workers are exposed to in growing and manufacturing, and it limits chemical runoff which pollutes waterways and local communities.

Over 8,000 chemicals are used in textile manufacturing. An estimated 20 percent of industrial water pollution is attributed to the textile manufacturing industry. Textile production uses an estimated 43 million tons of chemicals every year, not including the pesticides used to grow natural resources such as cotton.

ABOUT GREEN AMERICA

Green America is the nation’s leading green economy organization. Founded in 1982, Green America provides the economic strategies, organizing power and practical tools for businesses and individuals to solve today’s social and environmental problems. http://www.GreenAmerica.org

MEDIA CONTACT: Max Karlin for Green America, (703) 276-3255, or mkarlin@hastingsgroup.com.

International Advocacy Groups Publish Joint Consumer Purchasing Guide Just in Time for the Easter Holiday 

Mighty Earth, Green America, and Be Slavery Free published a joint Easter scorecard, analyzing what the world’s biggest chocolate companies are doing to address social and environmental concerns. Godiva receives the “Rotten Egg Award” for its poor performance, and Tony’s Chocolonely receives the “Good Egg Award” for its efforts to reshape the industry. The Easter scorecard has been published annually by Mighty Earth since 2018.

“Equipped with this scorecard, consumers can buy their Easter chocolates knowing whether their treats are likely tainted by deforestation and human rights abuses,” said Mighty Earth Senior Campaign Director, Etelle Higonnet. “Consumers’ purchases highlight that we, at a time of global crisis, are all truly interconnected and that we are in this together.”

The groups surveyed 13 chocolate companies and 8 cocoa suppliers, examining their policies in six of the most pressing sustainability issues facing the chocolate industry: mandatory due diligence; transparency and traceability; deforestation and climate change; agroforestry; living income policies; and child labor, focusing primarily on child labor monitoring and remediation systems. 

“Easter is the peak holiday for chocolate sales around the world, with a greater market share than Christmas, Valentine’s Day, or Halloween. However, poorer countries where cocoa is grown may not have the financial muscle to ride the pandemic out. Communities already suffering from malnutrition and low cash flow will be hard hit,” said Fuzz Kitto, Co-National Director of Be Slavery Free in Australia. “It’s all the more reason for consumers to make a difference and buy chocolates from companies working to end environmental and labor abuses in the cocoa industry.” 

Chocolate maker, Godiva, was given The Rotten Egg Award for failing to take responsibility for the conditions with which its chocolates are made, despite making huge profits off its chocolate. Godiva rated poorly across the board. In comparison to other chocolate brands, Godiva has made very little progress on social and environmental issues in the last few years. 

Tony’s Chocolonely, which sources from the same supplier as Godiva, earned the Golden Egg Award. When comparing the two companies' efforts, the differences are stark. Tony’s is working to demonstrate that an ethical business model is possible in the chocolate industry and works to support its supplier to improve its operations. Tony’s performed well in every category across the scorecard.

“2020 is a big year in the chocolate sector, two decades since the world’s chocolate manufacturers signed the Harkin-Engel Protocol, an agreement to clean up the industry. Sadly, very little has changed,” said Charlotte Tate, Labor Justice Campaigns Manager at Green America. “Nonetheless, the industry is recognizing voluntary initiatives are not working and more companies are calling for government regulation. Businesses are recognizing that they cannot solve these issues alone and need greater government regulation.”

Roughly 2.1 million children work in cocoa, 96 percent of whom are found to be in hazardous labor according to researchers at Tulane University. In recent years, research from the World Resources Institute found that there has been an increase in deforestation in top cocoa producing countries, Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire. Cocoa farmers often live in extreme poverty, despite chocolate companies raking in billions every year. 

While progress is being made in the direct cocoa supply chains, there are still big concerns about the harmful impacts of companies' indirect supply chains on the environment, particularly deforestation, and people. There is little transparency about what is occurring in the indirect cocoa supply chains. These issues demonstrate an urgent need for increased efforts to transform the cocoa industry into a sustainable industry. 

About Mighty Earth

Mighty Earth is a global environmental campaign organization that works to protect forests, conserve oceans, and address climate change. We work in Southeast Asia, Latin America, Africa, and North America to drive large-scale action towards environmentally responsible agriculture that protects native ecosystems, wildlife, and water, and respects local community rights. Mighty Earth’s team has played a decisive role in persuading the world’s largest food and agriculture companies to dramatically improve their environmental and social policies and practices. More information on Mighty Earth can be found at www.mightyearth.org/.

About Green America

Green America is the nation’s leading green economy organization. Founded in 1982, Green America provides the economic strategies, organizing power and practical tools for businesses and individuals to solve today’s social and environmental problems. http://www.GreenAmerica.org

MEDIA CONTACT:  Max Karlin for Green America, (703) 276-3255, or mkarlin@hastingsgroup.com.

About Be Slavery Free

Be Slavery Free is a coalition of organisations with on the ground experience in preventing, disrupting and remediating modern slavery. Since 2007 they have been working with the chocolate industry, advocating for addressing child labour and slavery. https://beslaveryfree.com  

In Australia contact:  Fuzz Kitto +61 (0) 407 931 115

WASHINGTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Mighty Earth, Green America, and Be Slavery Free published a joint Easter scorecard, analyzing what the world’s biggest chocolate companies are doing to address social and environmental concerns. Godiva receives the “Rotten Egg Award” for its poor performance, and Tony’s Chocolonely receives the “Golden Egg Award” for its efforts to reshape the industry. The Easter scorecard has been published annually by Mighty Earth since 2018.

“Equipped with this scorecard, consumers can buy their Easter chocolates knowing whether their treats are likely tainted by deforestation and human rights abuses,” said Mighty Earth Senior Campaign Director, Etelle Higonnet. “Consumers’ purchases highlight that we, at a time of global crisis, are all truly interconnected and that we are in this together.”

The groups surveyed 13 chocolate companies and 8 cocoa suppliers, examining their policies in six of the most pressing sustainability issues facing the chocolate industry: mandatory due diligence; transparency and traceability; deforestation and climate change; agroforestry; living income policies; and child labor, focusing primarily on child labor monitoring and remediation systems.

“Easter is the peak holiday for chocolate sales around the world, with a greater market share than Christmas, Valentine’s Day, or Halloween. However, poorer countries where cocoa is grown may not have the financial muscle to ride the pandemic out. Communities already suffering from malnutrition and low cash flow will be hard hit,” said Fuzz Kitto, Co-National Director of Be Slavery Free in Australia. “It’s all the more reason for consumers to make a difference and buy chocolates from companies working to end environmental and labor abuses in the cocoa industry.”

Chocolate maker, Godiva, was given The Rotten Egg Award for failing to take responsibility for the conditions with which its chocolates are made, despite making huge profits off its chocolate. Godiva rated poorly across the board. In comparison to other chocolate brands, Godiva has made very little progress on social and environmental issues in the last few years.

Tony’s Chocolonely, which sources from the same supplier as Godiva, earned the Golden Egg Award. When comparing the two companies' efforts, the differences are stark. Tony’s is working to demonstrate that an ethical business model is possible in the chocolate industry and works to support its supplier to improve its operations. Tony’s performed well in every category across the scorecard.

“2020 is a big year in the chocolate sector, two decades since the world’s chocolate manufacturers signed the Harkin-Engel Protocol, an agreement to clean up the industry. Sadly, very little has changed,” said Charlotte Tate, Labor Justice Campaigns Manager at Green America. “Nonetheless, the industry is recognizing voluntary initiatives are not working and more companies are calling for government regulation. Businesses are recognizing that they cannot solve these issues alone and need greater government regulation.”

Roughly 2.1 million children work in cocoa, 96 percent of whom are found to be in hazardous labor according to researchers at Tulane University. In recent years, research from the World Resources Institute found that there has been an increase in deforestation in top cocoa producing countries, Ghana and Cote d’Ivoire. Cocoa farmers often live in extreme poverty, despite chocolate companies raking in billions every year.

While progress is being made in the direct cocoa supply chains, there are still big concerns about the harmful impacts of companies' indirect supply chains on the environment, particularly deforestation, and people. There is little transparency about what is occurring in the indirect cocoa supply chains. These issues demonstrate an urgent need for increased efforts to transform the cocoa industry into a sustainable industry.

About Mighty Earth

Mighty Earth is a global environmental campaign organization that works to protect forests, conserve oceans, and address climate change. We work in Southeast Asia, Latin America, Africa, and North America to drive large-scale action towards environmentally responsible agriculture that protects native ecosystems, wildlife, and water, and respects local community rights. Mighty Earth’s team has played a decisive role in persuading the world’s largest food and agriculture companies to dramatically improve their environmental and social policies and practices. www.mightyearth.org/.

About Green America

Green America is the nation’s leading green economy organization. Founded in 1982, Green America provides the economic strategies, organizing power and practical tools for businesses and individuals to solve today’s social and environmental problems. http://www.GreenAmerica.org

About Be Slavery Free

Be Slavery Free is a coalition of organisations with on the ground experience in preventing, disrupting and remediating modern slavery. Since 2007 they have been working with the chocolate industry, advocating for addressing child labour and slavery. https://beslaveryfree.com

What’s really going into the chocolate we buy? The Chocolate Scorecard surveyed the world’s biggest chocolate companies to find out! 

Some are rising to the challenge of making cocoa sustainable, unfortunately most continue to ignore consumer demand for chocolate that’s free of deforestation, farmer poverty, and child labor. 

This guide informs the choices of consumers like you. Together, we can transform the chocolate industry into one that prioritizes people and the planet. 

Versión en español aquí. 

Sign our petition asking the world's largest chocolate companies to address child labor, farmer poverty, deforestation, and pesticide usage. 

Chocolate Scorecard Methodology  

The Chocolate Scorecard uses the Brundtland Commission's definition of sustainability:  

"meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs."

Additional components of the methodology in 2023 included:  

1. Using subject matter experts to undertake the scoring in each section; 
2. Aligning the survey with the Science Based Target Initiative (SBTi),  
3. The Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) and  
4. The Accountability Framework (AFi). 

The survey covered six categories:  

1. Traceability and Transparency 
2. Living Income  
3. Child Labor  
4. Deforestation and Climate 
5. Agroforestry 
6. Agrichemical Management 

An explanation of the categories: 

Traceability and transparency 

According to the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, a business is responsible for any and all adverse human rights impacts either through their own activities or due to their business relationships with other parties. It is not appropriate to ‘outsource’ this responsibility or to shift the responsibility to the next or another tier in the supply chain.  

A company that lacks knowledge of its cocoa’s origin (an issue of traceability) cannot genuinely ensure it is not tainted by extreme poverty, child labor, deforestation, or other abuses. Without transparency on this traceability, civil society cannot hold companies accountable. Transparent traceability is a crucial bedrock for all other reforms.  

Traceability and transparency constitute 20% of the total overall score. 

Living Income 

A living income is:  

The net annual income required for a household in a particular place to afford a decent standard of living for all members of that household. Elements of a decent standard of living include food, water, housing, education, healthcare, transportation, clothing, and other essential needs including provisions for unexpected events.  

This is not a reality for cocoa farmers and their families in West Africa. Many live in extreme poverty, making them more vulnerable to hunger, malnutrition, health crises, and other social challenges, including exposure to child labor.  

The highest scores were achieved by companies that are:  

1. using an actual living income calculation to benchmark their programs; and/or 
2. making payments to farmers on top of Living Income Differential (LID) set by the Governments of Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire and certification premiums; and/or   
3. investing in development projects determined in consultation with the communities they are sourcing from.  

The Living Income category contributed 20% to the total overall score. 

Child Labor 

Despite voluntary corporate efforts promising to eradicate it, the prevalence of child labor has increased by 14% over the past decade.  

1. 1.56 million children exposed to child labor in cocoa production (including approximately 790,000 children in Côte d’Ivoire and 770,000 in Ghana)
2. 1.48 million children were exposed to at least one component of hazardous child labor in cocoa production; and 
3. Between 2008/09 and 2018/19, children exposed to agrichemical products increasing approximately five-fold from 5% to 24% in aggregate

Poverty and extremely low incomes are linked to children's exposure to child labor and hazardous child labor, depriving them of their future and subjecting them to abuse.  

The Chocolate Score analyzed responses in three areas for this category:  

1. Any child labor policy, monitoring and remediation system or equivalent (Child Labor Monitoring and Remediation Systems - CLMRS);  
2. Percentage of farms covered by the scheme; and  
3. Presence of a plan to scale up programs and processes to address child labor.

The Child Labor category contributed to 20% of the total overall score. 

Deforestation and climate 

Cocoa is a major global driver of forest destruction. West Africa produces 75% of the world’s cocoa, with Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana being the largest producers. These two countries have lost most of their forest cover in the past sixty years - around 94% and 80%, respectively, with approximately one-third of forest loss from cocoa growing.  

Almost everywhere cocoa grows worldwide, from Asia to Africa to Latin America, studies show it is tied to deforestation, which negatively impacts climate change. As such, this section also focuses on the industry’s contribution to global annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions leading to severe climate change.  

The chocolate scorecard analyzed the responses in the following areas for this category:  

1. Application of no-deforestation policy to global sourcing and percentage of cocoa purchased through a deforestation-free monitoring system;  
2. Percentage of cocoa sourced from deforested areas since various cut-off dates;  
3. Detailed plans for how to respond to evidence of suppliers sourcing cocoa from recently  deforested land; and
4. Policy to achieve net zero carbon emissions company-wide or using science-based targets. 

Deforestation and climate change actions contributed 20% of the total overall score. 

Agroforestry 

Though cocoa has been a major driver of deforestation worldwide, it can become the reverse - an agent of re-greening around the planet. Agroforestry, as opposed to pesticide-soaked monoculture, is a more ecologically sound way of growing cocoa and restoring farming landscapes.  

Scientific research demonstrates that robust agroforestry cocoa systems are better for the planet, carbon sequestration, soil and air moisture retention, and biodiversity. Studies show it is also better for farmers’ food security and income diversification.  

The Chocolate Scorecard analyzed the responses in four areas for this category:  

1. Any agroforestry policy and its definition;  
2. Application of the agroforestry policy, either globally or to West Africa only;  
3. Assessment and monitoring of the agroforestry policy;  
4. Support and investment in farmers within the supply chain to transition to agroforestry growing methods 

Agroforestry contributed 10% to the total overall score. 

Agrichemical Management 

As we face a mass extinction crisis, much of which is driven by chemicals in agriculture, chocolate companies need to reform their current approaches and adopt practices that do rely on agrichemicals.  

Increased productivity via chemical inputs cannot be the primary means for companies sourcing increasing amounts of cocoa. Instead, the long-term sustainability of the industry, the health of the farming communities (who often rely on neighboring rivers for drinking and bathing), soil health, and the planet's health must become a priority.  

To achieve this, companies must eliminate the most hazardous pesticides entirely and move towards reducing the overall use of agrichemicals. They should support farmers in transitioning to agricultural practices that do not rely on dangerous chemicals while helping them maintain their yield and income.  

Companies should emphasize non-chemical interventions such as grafting, pruning, hand pollination, and education around best agroecological practices and Integrated Pest Management (IPM) to increase yields for farmers.  

The Chocolate Scorecard analyzed the responses in three areas for this category:  

1. Any stated targets and policy to reduce pesticides;  
2. Assessment and monitoring of hazardous pesticides in the supply chain and action to phase the use of hazardous pesticides out;  
3. Support for the adoption of non-chemical alternatives. 

Pesticides contributed 10% to the total overall score. 

WASHINGTON, DC – APRIL 2, 2020 – The coronavirus pandemic is changing life as we know it, and many Americans are using their sudden surplus of spare time at home to plant Climate Victory Gardens, which are being promoted by the nonprofit Green America. With already over 2,400 gardens taking part in the Climate Victory Garden movement, this number is rising as people turn towards gardening to supplement their pantries and support their mental health in these trying times.

Inspired by the “Victory Gardens” planted during WWI and WWII that drove the creation of nearly 20 million gardens that produced 40% of the fresh fruits and vegetables consumed in the U.S. at the time, Climate Victory Gardens empower Americans to grow their own produce while incorporating regenerative agriculture techniques that help fight climate change. Green America estimates that current gardens are offsetting the equivalent of taking over 70,000 cars off the road for a year.

Research shows that the climate crisis is contributing to epidemics and pandemics, so gardens are also part of the solution that might reduce future pandemics and other challenges associated with the climate crisis.

Jes Walton, food campaigns manager at Green America, said: “In this time of crisis and uncertainty, growing your own food can be empowering. Gardening provides Americans with a way to be more self-sufficient, and when the principles of regenerative agriculture are applied, it can be part of the climate solution. Let’s work together to support our communities and the planet.”

To plant your own Climate Victory Garden, start by following these five steps:

1. Ditch the Chemicals
2. Keep the Soil Covered
3. Encourage Biodiversity
4. Grow Food
5. Compost

You can find detailed instructions at https://www.greenamerica.org/climate-victory-gardening-101.

Thousands of Climate Victory Gardens are being tracked through Green America’s searchable map. For more information or to register your own Climate Victory Garden, visit: https://greenam.org/garden.

Green America’s how-to video, featuring actress/activist Rosario Dawson and the artist/activist Ron Finley, provides information for gardeners who want to take advantage of the spring growing season to plant their own Climate Victory Gardens.

ABOUT GREEN AMERICA

Green America is the nation’s leading green economy organization. Founded in 1982, Green America provides the economic strategies, organizing power and practical tools for businesses and individuals to solve today’s social and environmental problems. http://www.GreenAmerica.org

MEDIA CONTACT: Max Karlin for Green America, (703) 276-3255, or mkarlin@hastingsgroup.com.

Architecture, Development, and Energy Consulting Services

Since 2012, Green America's People and Planet Award has recognized outstanding small businesses with deep commitments to social justice and environmental sustainability. This project has been made possible thanks to a special donor committed to giving a boost to innovative entrepreneurs. The People and Planet Award has bestowed over $300,000 on green businesses since its inception.

The three winners of the Sustainable Food award in 2013 were The Chile Woman, Green City Growers, and Love & Carrots.

Where are they now?

At the conclusion of the People and Planet Award, we reached out to the winners to learn how the prize helped their business. Below are their answers. 

How did the People and Planet Award money help your business?

The Chile Woman: The publicity it generated locally and nationally was fantastic. Locally, it was a great example of community. The people of Bloomington and my customers really rallied around the contest and showed their support. A cash infusion of $5,000 is great for any small business. For a farmer, whose income is never guaranteed, this was an extra bonus.

Green City Growers: The money we received in 2013 allowed us to invest in re-branded our company and launching a new, more professional website. This has led to us getting more business. We also appreciated the recognition we received from receiving the award and gained additional visibility for our company.

Love & Carrots: It got me off the ground! The $5000 from GA was pivotal. At the time I was still boot strapping everything, pouring all my time into the company and living very cheaply with no cash to spare- pouring everything back into the company.

What did you use the prize money for?

The Chile Woman: Remodeling a space for our proposed chile product store onsite at the greenhouse. Now that space is full of a couple thousand chile plants pulled in anticipation of a hard freeze. I’ll be picking fresh peppers in there today to prep for tomorrow’s Eastside Farmers Market.

Green City Growers: The money we received in 2013 allowed us to invest in re-branded our company and launching a new, more professional website.

Love & Carrots: The prize money helped me buy a larger pickup truck.

What is your business up to now?

The Chile Woman: This was a challenging season weather wise. We also missed the protection of our treasured llama who passed away last year. Not only did he protect the sheep and the chickens, he kept deer out of the field and house gardens. But that’s farming! Our main business of shipping chile pepper plants continues to flourish. I continue to grow more and more chiles and have been the fortunate recipient of many non hybrid chile pepper seeds, expanding my chile seed bank to over 2100 varieties. I am more dedicated than ever to preserving chile pepper biodiversity.

Green City Growers: We're continuing to convert underutilized spaces into biodiverse food production landscapes throughout MA, and we have recently expanded to offer services throughout the Northeast US. We now run a rooftop farm on top of Fenway Park for the Boston Red Sox, and a kitchen garden for The Rainbow Room at 30 Rockefeller Center, along with our 100+ sites at schools, businesses, restaurants, and housing complexes. We employ 25 individuals and are continuing to grow.

Love & Carrots: Now I have a staff of 17, a 3-acre head quarters, and we've expanded into commercial and multi-family home markets including roof top farms. We are the gardeners behind dozens of top DC restaurants. We have installed close to 1,000 garden and counting.

• Plastic wrap safely seals food so you can save it for later, but like all single-use plastics, it’s bad for the environment.
• Bee’s Wrap is an eco-friendly alternative that’s made from organic cotton coated in bee’s wax, jojoba oil, and tree resin.
• It’s compostable and biodegradable, so when you can’t reuse it anymore, it’s safe to dispose of.
• I decided to try Bee’s Wrap even though it is expensive at $18 for three sheets, and I’m done with plastic wrap for good.
• Read more: The best food storage containers

I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables, so needless to say, I’m constantly trying to figure out how to best store my produce. From glass and plastic containers to aluminum foil and Saran wrap, I thought I had tried just about everything until I heard about Bee’s Wrap.

I initially hesitated because of the cost: $18 for what are essentially three sheets of beeswax. But, knowing that it’s an environmentally friendly and sustainable option, I finally decided to give it a try. Here’s why I won’t go back.

What is Bee’s Wrap?

Think of it as a food wrapper that you can wash, reuse, and eventually recycle. Bee’s Wrap is made exclusively from sustainable products: beeswax, jojoba oil, tree resin, and organic cotton. The first and most important ingredient is sourced from sustainably managed hives, and Bee’s Wrap’s biodegradable packaging is made from 100% recycled paper.

Some more impressive credentials: The Global Organic Textile Standard has certified the company’s fabric and printing process, and Bee’s Wrap is a Green America certified corporation, as well as a B Corporation.

What really makes Bee’s Wrap eco-friendly is the fact that you can reuse the sheets for up to a year. They eventually start to lose their sticking power, but when that happens you can compost them or wrap them around kindling and use them as fire starters.

How big is each Bee’s Wrap sheet?

You can buy a variety pack that includes three sizes:

• Small (7″ x 8″)
• Medium (10″ x 11″)
• Large (13″ x 14″)

Bee’s Wrap offers special wraps for bread and sandwiches too. Plus, since the wraps are made of wax, you can easily cut them to suit your needs.

How does it work?

The wraps seal with the warmth of your hands as you press and wrap them around your food. It takes a few tries to get a feel for how much pressure to use and how many seconds to press down.

Bee’s Wrap sheets do get softer over time, and I have to admit I’m skeptical that mine will last for an entire year.

How produce looks after a week in Bee’s Wrap

I opted for a variety pack with three sheet sizes. I used my small pieces (7″ x 8″) to wrap half an avocado, half an onion, and half a lime. The medium pieces (10″ x 11″) were just the right size to wrap bigger vegetables like cucumbers and bell peppers. I didn’t have much use for the large pieces (13″ x 14″), so I cut them down to store produce like Serrano peppers and apples.

I was surprised at how well my avocado kept in the wrap after a few days; while it turned light brown, it didn’t go bad. I stored the lime and onion in Bee’s Wrap for about a week and though the lime was slightly dried out, it still had a significant amount of juice. The onion was in great condition, and the rest of my produce remained crisp days later.

How does it compare to other food storage methods?

I do think Bee’s Wrap keeps food fresher than plastic wrap or aluminum foil. I definitely noticed that my peppers lasted longer and were crisper when I stored them in Bee’s Wrap, and, as I mentioned earlier, I was surprised that my avocado only browned slightly after being in the fridge for a few days.

However, I don’t think Bee’s Wrap seals in freshness as well as glass containers. When I stored homemade fresh salsa in a bowl covered with Bee’s Wrap, it dried out faster than it does when I keep it in a tightly-sealed glass container. But, for the most part, I use glass containers for meal prep and Bee’s Wrap for storing cut produce that I want to use later.

I should note that the company doesn’t recommend using the wraps for raw meat. Apparently, you can freeze items with Bee’s Wrap, but I haven’t put this to the test yet.

How do you clean it?

Cleaning Bee’s Wrap is easy – I use a tiny bit of soap and wipe each sheet with a sponge before running it under cold water (hot water will melt the wax). While the company sells a special drying rack, I find that my dish rack works just fine.

You may run into some issues with staining; a red onion left little purple marks on one of my sheets, but it eventually disappeared after a few cleanings.

Let’s talk about the smell

When you first open a box of Bee’s Wrap, the smell is very strong. I’m sensitive to scents, so this did bother me; it took a week or two for me not to notice the smell every time I walked into my kitchen.

Even after a month or so of using and washing the wraps, you can still smell the wax – it’s just fainter. Thankfully, the smell doesn’t seem to rub off on food.

The verdict

I have been using Bee’s Wrap for a few months, and my sheets are still holding up. They are much softer because I use them a lot, so I am still skeptical that these will make it an entire year. For now, they still seal tightly.

I really don’t feel the need to use plastic wrap or aluminum foil for food storage, as Bee’s Wrap seems to keep produce fresher. I also love the fact that you can compost it when it wears out. I don’t think I’ll be tossing my glass containers just yet, though – while Bee’s Wrap is great for storing individual items, it’s not the best choice for large batches of leftovers or meal prep.

Written by Wendy Weiner, a gardener by trade who builds vegetable gardens and teaches the art of gardening to her clients. She is a graduate of Seed School and is one of the founding members of the Salida Seed Library in Salida, Colorado.

Fighting Climate Change with Intention in Our Gardens

What role does intention have in vegetable gardening?

For me, it starts with the seed. Seed saving is full of intention that has an impact both within and beyond the boundaries of our gardens. Every decision we make in the garden has an effect, some with hidden consequences and others with limitless benefits. As we learn the art of gardening, this awareness expands.

To garden with intention makes one fully aware of all decisions within that space. Starting with amendments, big business (think Home Depot) want us to believe that we need their inputs, from bagged compost to chemicals and seeds. When we think critically about this, we might ask: how far did these products travel? What pollution or emissions were generated during production? What impact does this product have on our gardens (and the world)? Could we somehow create these inputs ourselves? Seed saving has a role in all these inquiries.

Seed Saving to Adapt to Climate Change

Even though it seems like we have many choices, most of the seeds in this country are owned by a handful of huge seed companies. These seeds are grown thousands of miles away from where they’re finally purchased. We don’t know the details of how they’re grown or their impact on the place they’re grown. It’s likely the seeds aren’t adapted to the area they’re ultimately planted, and the diversity of available varieties is low.

Seed saving is the solution, both to the seed industry’s impact on the climate and to our gardens’ ability to adapt to climate change.

When we save seeds, we've allowed plants to fully mature beyond the eating stage, into their reproductive stage when they set their seeds. Seeds are then selected from plants that have desired traits such as drought and disease resistance, flavor, size, or abundance. It only takes one generation for seeds to be imbedded with this ecological and cultural knowledge. As climate change creates unpredictable weather, our gardens and farms become more vulnerable. The health of our gardens depends on saved seeds that have generations of coding specific to our local and changing weather patterns.

Communities are collaborating on seed saving by building seed libraries across the country, where gardeners check out seeds and return grown-out seeds at the end of the season. These libraries are a source of seeds specific to the region and its most current climate. This seed stewardship creates biodiversity and becomes a collaborative art that empowers the grower, the community, and the seeds that hold the future.

Climate Victory Gardening brings attention to the climate crisis but also our potential for nourishing communities with our intentions—and while there are many possible entry points, seeds and seed saving are a great place to start.

Seed Saving: Try These Foods First

Saving seeds is a powerful act, but it’s also simple to get started. Think of it as the final stage in a season of gardening, when we allow plants to grow to their mature stage and let seeds form. The following are easy, beginner-level vegetables for you to bring seed saving to your own Climate Victory Garden:

Lettuce

• Select a variety that prefers local precipitation levels, maintains good leaf growth, doesn't go to seed early, and has a desirable flavor.
• Pull out all the plants with undesirable traits.
• Allow the remaining plants to mature, and you'll notice that the leaves start to head up (get more elongated, pointed, and more vertical growth).
• Flowers will begin to form at the top of the stem. When a majority of the flowers are dry, pull the plant out of the ground and cut off the upper stem with the flowers. 
• Store this top of the stem in a cool dry place until you have the time to sort and clean the seeds. 
• Strip the flowers off the stems and crumble them. Then winnow (separate) the chaff from the seed.
• Store in glass, paper bags, or envelopes.

Tomatoes

• Select for flavor, size, color, water needs, and strength of the plant.
• Pick a tomato that is fully ripe. Cut in half and squeeze the juice and seeds into a small glass jar or cup. Make sure it's a juicy liquid. If it's a tomato that’s inherently not juicy, then add a small amount of water so that the seeds are suspended. 
• Allow this to sit at room temperature three to four days. A mold will likely form on the top.
• The viable seeds will sink to the bottom, and the protective gel around the seed will break down in this fermentation process.
• Skim off the mold first, then pour the rest into a strainer and run the seeds under water until they are clean. 
• Put the clean seeds on a dish to fully dry, then store in a glass jar, paper bag or envelope.

Always store your seeds in a cool, dark, dry space. Label with the name of the plant, date, location, and growing conditions. Consider adding any other pertinent information regarding the growing season that may be helpful to the future. And, if you have a special story that goes with those specific seeds you might want to include that as well.

Resources

• Looking for a seed library near you? This Seed Library Locator Map or The Rocky Mountain Seed Alliance may be helpful in your search.
• Ready to take the next step in seed saving? Check out this Seed Saving Guide from the Organic Seed Alliance.

This is the second article in a series of three about seed saving. The first article is about Seed Saving at the Front Line of the Climate Crisis, and the third article is about Developing Online Tools for Seed Saving and Sharing.

Read more inspiring Climate Victory Garden stories and tips.

Lawns are an American obsession. Since the mass proliferation of suburbs in the 1950s and '60s, these pristine carpets of green turf have been meticulously maintained by suburbanites, with grass length and other aesthetic considerations enforced with bylaws and by homeowner associations.

But for nature, lawns offer little. Their maintenance produces more greenhouse gases than they absorb, and they are biodiversity deserts that have contributed to vanishing insect populations. Residential lawns cover 2% of US land and require more irrigation than any agricultural crop grown in the country. Across California, more than half of household water is used outside of the house.

If attitudes toward lawn care are shifted, however, these grassy green patches represent a gigantic opportunity. In 2005, a NASA satellite study found that American residential lawns take up 49,000 square miles (128,000 square km) -- nearly equal in size to the entire country of Greece.

A small, shady garden at Kronish House, a villa by Ricahrd Neutra in Beverley Hills, California designed by Marmol Radzinerm, winner of the ASLA 2016 Professional Honor Award in Residential Design - Credit: Roger Davies

According to environmental scientists, transforming lawns into miniature modular bio-reserves could not only boost biodiversity, but could cut water and petrol consumption and reduce the use of dangerous lawn chemicals.

Yet the question for many homeowners remains: how?

In western states like California, Colorado and Arizona, droughts have led to restrictions on water usage, forcing many to reconsider their thirsty lawns. Some inventive families and landscape architects have transformed yards, producing oases of life for hummingbirds, bees and butterflies, by employing scientific insight, design and imagination.

While many residents across the US may want a traditional patch of green carpet, Jodie Cook, a landscape designer from San Clemente, California, explained over email that West Coast homeowners are growing increasingly aware of how innovative models for lawns can benefit natural ecosystems, while providing a new dimension to the family home.

"This new garden model is giving people permission to play," said Cook, who has redesigned home lawns across Orange County, with an emphasis on "ecosystem-centric" design. Ripping up a generic lawn can reveal a canvas for personal creativity -- to plant with food, flowering plants and herbs, or to shape into wildlife habitats that invite in local fauna.

Yard, by 2.ink Studio, winner of the ASLA 2018 Professional Honor Award in Residential Design Credit: Stephen Miller / ASLA

"It seems to me that they are yearning for an authentic experience of nature close to home," said Cook. There is increasing evidence that close contact with natural environments can reduce stress and anxiety, and even help maintain memory as we age.

According to Cook, the families she's worked with have been delighted to reconnect with eclectic natural processes, such as watching rain cascade down water-drainage swales. "They don't want to travel to a wilderness park to see ecosystem interactions."

Nationwide Trend

What Cook sees in California reflects an emerging trend across the country. In Minnesota, homeowners have been offered rebates to replace lawns with flowering plants beloved by bees. Cities and municipalities, such as Montgomery County in Maryland, have also offered to pay families and homeowner associations to design gardens that collect storm water in water features and underground rain barrels.

A contemporary remodel of a suburban ranch home in Portland, Oregon by Courtney Skybak from Samuel H. Williamson Associates Credit: Samuel H. Williamson Associates / shwa.net

Such policies can lead to big changes. Images of intensely irrigated lawns in Phoenix, ringed by the red sand of the Arizona Desert, were once a disturbing case study of America's lawn addiction. But in recent decades, the state has taken action, charging more for water in the summer and banning lawns on new developments. At the turn of the millennium, 80% of Phoenix had green lawns, now only 14% does.

Landscape architects are seeing families change their preferences, according to a recent poll by the National Wildlife Federation's (NWF) Garden for Wildlife initiative, which encourages Americans to design gardens with food, water and shelter for wild animals.

In a 2018 poll by the American Society of Landscape Architects (ASLA), 83% of landscape architects said they were increasingly being asked about native plants, which provide better support for local ecosystems and are more drought-resistant. Last year, NWF surpassed its goal to register a million gardens nationwide to support pollinators.

A graphic patterned garden in Portland, Oregon by Courtney Skybak from Samuel H. Williamson Associates Credit: Samuel H. Williamson Associates / shwa.net

Changing Tastes

Similarly, the nonprofit Green America has launched the Climate Victory Gardens initiative, which encourages people to plant "regenerative" food gardens. Inspired by the Home Victory Gardens that grew millions of tons of fresh fruits and vegetables during World War I and II. More than 2,300 families have started farming patches of garden to sequester carbon and increase soil fertility.

These gardens today represent around 3,600 acres. According to Green America, they have the potential over the next 10 years to capture the carbon equivalent to taking 70,000 cars off the road for an entire year.

San Diego-based landscape architect Katie Seidenwurm has documented a number of reasons behind the spike in interest in different types of gardens, including rising water costs and environmental responsibility.

Xeriscape Colorado, a program by non-profit Colorado WaterWise, promotes water-saving approaches to landscaping Credit: Kristen Vance

"A lot of homeowners are more environmentally aware," said Seidenwurm over the phone, and she co-presented an ASLA talk last fall on recent residential garden trends with architect Courtney Skybak, whose home city of Portland, Oregon, is another West Coast centre for experiments in environmental garden design. "There's certificates that homeowners can get that certify that a front yard is wildlife friendly, or attracts butterflies, or is certified by master gardeners."

"I think homeowners are trying to seek a higher sense of community, and so they want to be in their front yard, interacting with their neighbors," she added.

Faced with the choice between a wildlife garden or astroturf -- the latter has also become increasingly popular in drought-hit areas -- Mary Phillips, senior director of NWW, urges people to consider nature. She refers to recent research that shows wildlife gardens can support bee biodiversity comparable to natural parklands and, as a result, a greater number and diversity of birds, especially songbirds.

Yard, by 2.ink Studio, winner of the ASLA 2018 Professional Honor Award in Residential Design Credit: Stephen Miller / ASLA

"When we share those kinds of stories, that is what's motivating people," said Phillips. "Because they're actually seeing on the ground, visually, these bees and these butterflies and the birds visiting the property, and they see that they can make a significant difference."

A Few Simple Rules

Even small changes can make a difference to the environmental impact of lawns. The "entry-level option," according to Philips, for families that still want room for their kids to play, is to inject more wildflowers into the turf. That includes plants that are typically viewed as nuisances.

"The stuff that people are usually trying to get out of their lawn, we're saying 'No, that's good to have in your lawn!'" said Philips. "So reintroduce native violets -- and even dandelions -- certain clovers, low-growing thyme and things that flower, which provide pollinator benefits and are better for the soil."

Once a wasteland, Tessa Charnofsky planted hundreds of California native plants and built decks and stairways. "Within a couple of years, it was transformed into a wildlife paradise, and became a Certified Wildlife Habitat. So many species of bumble bee and sweat bee, butterflies and moths, lizards, migrating birds, birds of pray lived here, dined here, or just passed through." Credit: Tessa Charnofsky

The more advanced option means "taller meadow or prairie-like native plants," Phillips said. These types of plants have root systems that better manage storm water runoff, in addition to absorbing more carbon, she explained.

When one home commits to a wildlife-friendly lawn, others often follow. "(It's) an unspoken message to their neighbors, it is evidence that they care about the environment," Cook said. "In many areas, the first house on the block has set off a domino effect, as others take permission to experiment."

"Each small garden acts as a stepping stone for birds, pollinators and other wildlife, becoming something much larger, impacting whole watersheds," she added.

Pomegranate and Boston Ivy on the wall of a Bel Air home owned by TV writer-producers Amy Lippman and Rodman Flenders, designed by Naomi Sanders Credit: Jennifer Cheung

There are lessons to be learned from landscaping projects both grand and small. "There are no rules for what a garden should be," said LA landscape designer Naomi Sanders. In addition to being a beautiful space, gardens and lawns present opportunities for peaceful refuge, hosting and observing wildlife, learning and exploring, and connecting with neighbors and one's self. "Perhaps more now than ever, most of us understand the importance of plants and nature and that we function within a larger natural environment."

Written by Hannah Van Eendenburg (third from left), a graduate student at the University of Colorado, Boulder, studying cultural anthropology. She is an avid soccer player, gardener, and a co-founder of the S.A.V.E. (Seeds Adapted to Variable Ecosystems) Salida Seed Library in Salida, Colorado.

While seeds can naturally reproduce and grow on their own, humans have been freely collecting, growing, saving, exchanging, and sowing them for over 10,000 years. These seed savers have shaped agriculture by preserving crop diversity, increasing flavor and nutrition, and encouraging the seeds to adapt to where they’re grown. Seeds have also played an important cultural role for humans, carrying stories and connections to past generations. However, the context of seed saving has changed drastically in the last 200 years due to corporate control and the climate crisis.

Seed Saving in Recent History

After landing in the Americas, European colonizers realized that their crops were not adapted to the conditions of what would become the United States. As their crops failed in these drastically different climates and soil, the colonizers turned to native plants. Through forced exchanges with indigenous tribes, Europeans began seed saving to build a collection of crops that were successful.

From these crops, as well as countless others taken from around the world, the US government developed an agricultural-focused patent office. The USDA was formally established in 1862, strengthening the collection, propagation, and distribution of seeds. Over 1.1 billion packets of seeds were being distributed by the government throughout the US for farmers to grow and adapt in different climates.

The private sector saw the potential for growth, and seed distribution began to change. In 1883, the American Seed Trade Association (ASTA) was established to build business alliances in the seed industry. This association convinced the federal government to discontinue the free seed distribution program in 1924. Intellectual property rights and patents were developed, further increasing corporate control in the seed world and making these companies economically and politically untouchable. It became illegal for individuals to save most seeds owned by corporations, and the rich history of traditional seed saving and the social and cultural role of seeds changed forever.

Today, power is consolidated in the hands of the four largest agricultural corporations in the world: Bayer (the company that acquired Monsanto in 2018), Corteva Agriscience, Sinochem, and BASF own more than 67% of seeds worldwide, grossing over $25 billion in 2019.

Seed Saving Today

Walking into a garden store today, the majority of seeds you see are most likely owned by one of these global companies. They are probably treated with insecticides, fungicides, and may even be genetically modified. These seeds might also be dependent on pesticides to grow. In the face of such limited choice, seed saving is the best decision you can make for your own health, the health of your garden, and the health of the climate.

Regionally-adapted seeds are those that have been grown and saved in your specific location for at least one season. These seeds learn from their environment, including specific weather patterns, soil type, season length, local pests, and more. These adaptations help your garden become more successful and eliminate the need for chemical inputs like pesticides and fertilizers.

By seed saving each year, plants become more dependable by adjusting to their surroundings. In contrast, purchased seeds do not have any genetic or biological familiarity with the ecosystem. Saving local seeds that flourish in your specific environment is key for food security and resilience. This is especially important today, in the face of the climate crisis, erratic weather conditions, and an increasingly unstable food system. 

The Community’s Role in Seed Saving

Food growing and seed saving are at the front lines of the climate crisis. Growing well adapted foods at the local level gives us the opportunity to reduce our climate impacts while also making our food system stronger in the face of uncertainty. The argument for regional seeds is parallel to that of local food in many ways, including fostering community relationships, strengthening economies, and increasing social justice.

A local seed movement cannot happen without community. One of the fundamental models of community seed saving and sharing is the seed library. Seed libraries are institutions that lend or share seeds with the public. Their collections are often acquired through donations from community members and local seed companies committed to sharing their knowledge. For this system to be successful, there needs to be a balance between taking seeds at the start of the season and returning seeds after the harvest. This furthers seed adaptation and solidifies community partnerships into the future.

Seed saving is one of the most efficient and beneficial ways to have a successful garden. It promotes environmental stewardship, community connection, and a way to step outside of the global economy. And, it’s something anyone can do!

Climate Victory Gardening puts the health of people, communities, and the planet first, and it all starts with seeds. Consider adding seed saving to your gardening toolkit and explore (or start!) a local seed library this season!

This is the first article in a series of three about seed saving. The second article is about Adapting with Intention: A Lesson on Seed Saving, and the third article is about Developing Online Tools for Seed Saving and Sharing. 

Read more inspiring Climate Victory Garden stories and tips.

If the label says "flushable," then wet wipes should be able to go down the toilet, right?

Unfortunately, no. Flushable wipes aren't as flushable as advertised.

But people are flushing wipes down toilets – and this is causing dangerous problems. 

Toilet paper is designed to disintegrate in our pipes and sewage systems, but flushable wipes are not. They’re typically made with synthetic materials, plastics or polyester, that won't break down. So even if they flush down your toilet, they end up clogging our sewers. This poses hazardous risks to sewage professionals that must break these clogs up as well as considerable costs. Some cities have spent millions of dollars a year to address damages and clear the pipes.

As wipes meet cooking fat in the sewage system, it builds up into a monstrous obstacle, a “fatberg.”

A fatberg is a huge mass of solid waste largely consisting of cooking fats, disposable wipes, tampons, and other sanitary items that get flushed down the commode. They’re unhygienic, expensive to fix, and incredibly gross (if you’re really curious, you can check out Museum of London’s Fatberg Autopsy). Clogs and fatbergs make jobs that are already hazardous and very difficult even more so.  

Thames Water utility in London dealt with a single fatberg weighing as much as 11 double-decker buses. Depending on the volume, fatbergs can take days or even weeks for teams of workers to clear out and send to landfills. In 2018, New York City’s Department of Environmental Protection had to clear over 2,000 fatbergs and reports that “flushable” wipes make up 90 percent of the clogs.

So, why are wipes advertised as “flushable”?

You can attempt to flush many things down a toilet (if you have a child, perhaps you've seen the random stuff someone may put down the drain...) but that doesn’t mean they’ll effectively move through our sewage system. Companies can currently label wipes as “flushable” simply because they aren’t restricted from doing so.

Companies aren't required to prove flushability before asserting this claim and it seems most would fail any such test. A study out of Canada tested 101 wipes on the market for flushability and not a single one passed. This marketing technique is misleading and we need provisions to keep companies from freely using it and sparking customer confusion.  

While there have been policy attempts to curtail deceptive “flushable” labels (California is debating a bill that would require products to be clearly labeled) these moves have been met by significant resistance from the industry.

Solutions to Keep the Pipes Clear

One of the last things we need during a serious global pandemic are clogged sewers overflowing into our streets. Utility departments are urging and pleading for us to stop flushing wipes and to only flush our bodily business and toilet paper. Wipes are also not recyclable, so they need to go to the trash bin.

To address this issue beyond our homes, we can urge our elected officials to hold companies making these wipes accountable for the costs to our municipal sewage systems. We can also contact companies by tagging them on social media and ask them to stop using “flushable” claims.

Please keep the pipes clear by not flushing wipes, wash your hands for 20 seconds, and take care of your health and your families.